ALOPECUKUR.] GRAMINE^. 429 



cyliiidric subacute, keel of pilose acute empty glumes shortly ciliate, awn 



twice as long as the fl. glume. 



Salt marshes from York and Chester to Devon and Kent, rare ; absent from 

 Ireland; fl. May-July. Perennial, glabrous. Stem 3-16 in., slender, 

 curved or bent below, smooth or slightly scabrid above; tuberous base 

 narrow-ovoid, ^-f in. long. Panicle 1-2J in., very slender, dense, pale- 

 green; branches with 1 spikolct and sometimes a '2d imperfect one. 

 Empty glumes -[$-$ in., acuminate, exceeding the palea, margins free to the 

 base. JDiSTRiB. W. Europe, N. Germany, France to Spain and Italy. 



5. A. genicula'tus, L. ; panicle cylindric obtuse, keel of pilose obtuse 

 empty glumes villously ciliate, awn almost twice as long as the fl. glume. 

 Wet meadows and ditches, ascending to nearly 2,000 ft. in the N. of England ; 



fl. May- Aug. Perennial, glabrous. Root fibrous. Stem 8-18 in., pro- 

 cumbent and rooting below. Leaves flat, scaberulous above and on the 

 edges. Panicle 1-1 \ in., slender, dense-fld. ; branches with 1 spikelet. 

 Empty glumes connate at the very base, hairy and silky as in A. pratensis, 

 but smaller, -nrin., obtuse; awn shorter and more basal ; anthers purplish, 

 linear. DISTRIB. Europe, N. Africa, Siberia, Dahuria, W. Asia to India ; 

 introd. in N. America. 



6. A. ful'vus, Sm. panicle cylindric obtuse, keel of pilose obtuse glumes 

 villously ciliate, awn a little exceeding the glume. 



Wet meadows and ditches from Denbigh, Norfolk, and Leicester to Wilts and 

 Surrey ; fl. July. Habit of A. geniculatus, but glaucous ; sheaths more in- 

 flated; leaves broader; panicle longer, often 2 in., paler; glumes -h in. (the 

 smallest of the British species), very obtuse ; awn very short, inserted near 

 the middle ; anthers shorter, yellow, oblong. DiSTKlB. Europe, Siberia. 



8. PHAL'ARIS, L. 



Spikelets much laterally compressed, in loose or spikelike panicles, 1-fld. 

 with 2 or more rudimentary glumes (scales or pedicels) beneath it on one 

 side. Empty glumes 2, enclosing the flowering, subequal, keeled. Fl. glume 

 broad. Palea, much smaller. Scales 2, minute. Stamens 3. Ovary 

 glabrous ; styles long, connate below, stigmas slender hairy. Fruit com- 

 pressed, enclosed in the coriaceous glume and palea. DISTRIB. Trop. and 

 temp, regions ; species 16. ETYM. The old name. 



SUB-GEN. 1. Phal'aris proper. Panicle spikelike. Empty glumes broadly- 

 winged. 



P. CANARIEN'SIS, L. ; panicle ovoid. Canary Grass. 



Fields and waste places, naturalized ; fl. July. Annual, glaucous. Root 

 fibrous. Stems 1-3 ft., erect, scaberulous. Leaves flat, upper sheaths in- 

 flated ; ligule large. Panicle 1-1J in., ovoid or subcylindric, compact, pale 

 green. Spikelets nearly in. diam., orbicular ; empty glumes membranous, 

 acute, wings broad, keel green, nerves 2, stout ; fl. glume much shorter, 

 silky, obscurely nerved, with 2 lanceolate acute scales at its base. DISTRIB. 

 Warm and temp, climates, Europe, N. Africa, W. Asia ; introd. in America. 



SUB-GEN. 2. Digra'phis, Trin. (gen.). Panicle contracted, interrupted. 

 Empty glumes hardly winged. 

 1. P. arundina'cea, L. ; panicle elongate, branches short. 



