434 QRAMINEJE. [L.vr.VKrs. 



pedicel of an upper flower at the back of the palea, narrow, torctc, wilh 2 

 short awns and an intermediate long bent and twisted one at the tip. 7W/ 

 2-nerved. Scales 2, fleshy. Stamens 3. Ovary glabrous ; styles 2, very 

 short, stigmas long feathery. Fruit smooth, embraced by the glnim- 

 and palea. DISTRIB. W. and S. Europe from Belgium southwards and 

 eastwards, N. Africa, W. Asia. ETYM. \ayu6s and otpd, kare's-tail. 



1. It. ova'tus, L. ; leaves short flat, ligule short. 



Sandy places, Guernsey ; naturalized near Saffron Walden ; fl. June. >V. /</. 

 6-10 in., very many, erect or. decumbent below, stout, pubescent, leafy 

 below. Leaves broad, and inflated sheaths pubescent or villous. Headx 

 1-1 in., in. broad, white, obtuse. Empty glumes % in., very slender; awn 

 twice as long as the nearly glabrous fl. glume. 



16. PSAM'MA, Beauv. MARREM-GRASS. 

 Spikelets in a contracted panicle, much laterally compressed, 1-fld., 



with sometimes the pedicel of an upper glume. Empty glumes 2, scarcely 



exceeding the flowering, rigid, subequal, long, narrow, keeled, subacute. 



Fl. glume rigid, shortly pedicelled, with an oblique callus and a short 



pencil of silky hairs at the base, 4-5-nerved ; awn minute, subterminal. 



Palea equalling the glume, rigid, 2-nerved. Scales very acuminate. 



Stamens, ovary, and fruit of Calamagrostis. DISTRIB. Shores of Europe, 



N. Africa ; species 2. ETYM. ^d^os, sand. 



P. arena'ria, It. and S. ; panicle subcylindric white. Ammopldla 



aruiulinacea, Host. 



Sand-hills and dunes by the sea ; fl. July. RooMock widely creeping, binding 

 the sand. Stems 2-4 ft., smooth or scabrid above. leaves long, rigid, con- 

 volute, polished without, scabrid and glaucous within ; sheaths Imij- : 

 ligule very long, 2-fid, torn. Panicle 3-6 in., straight, broadest and some- 

 times lobed at the base ; branches short. Spitelets erect, pedicels scabrid ; 

 empty glumes -4 in., acute, keel scabrid ; fl. glume and palea quite like 

 the empty glumes in colour and texture. Anthers \ in., linear, yellow. 

 DISTRIB. Of the genus. Extensively planted for binding sands. 



17. CALAMAGROSTIS, Adans. 



Tall, perennial grasses. RooMock creeping, stoloniferous. Spikelftx in 

 a spreading subsocund panicle, with whorled branches, 1-fld. with some- 

 times the pedicel of a 2nd (upper) flower. Empty glumes much exceeding 

 the flowering, subequal, concave, acute, upper 3-nerved. Fl. glume sessile or 

 pedicelled, enveloped in a pencil of silky hairs from the axis, hyaline, 3-5- 

 nerved, truncate, 2-fid, toothed, awned at the tip or back. Palea small, 

 2-nerved. Scales entire. Stamens 3. Ovary glabrous ; styles short, 

 stigmas feathery. Fruit terete, grooved in front, envel<>] <1 in toe II. glume 

 and palea. DISTRIB. N. temp, regions ; species 60. ETYM. Kd\apos and 

 'yp6ffris, reed-grass. 



SUB-OKN. 1. Calamagros'tis proper. Spikelet without the pedicel of 

 a 2d fl. glume. Hairs of the axis exceeding the fl. glumes. 



1. C. Epiee jos, Roth t ; panicle open, empty glumes subulate-lanceolate 

 and hairs twice as long as the flowering, awn dorsal inserted above the 

 middle of the fl. glume. 



