452 GRAMINE.E. [BnoMus. 



** Fl. glume not longer than its palea. 

 B. ARVEN'SIS, L. ; leaves and sheaths hairy, panicle pyramidal effuse, 



"branches horizontal, fl. glumes imbricate equalling the straight awn. 



Introduced in various localities from Fife southwards ; not naturalized ; 

 fl. July- Aug. .Root fibrous or creeping. Stems 1-2 ft., smooth. Leaves 

 %-\ in. broad, flat, short, hairy beneath ; sheaths grooved, pubescent ; 

 ligule obtuse. Panicle 4-8 in., 3-5 in. broad, branches 5-7-nate, wide- 

 spreading, very long, capillary, scaberulous, with a few spikelets towards 

 the tips. Spikelets \ in., lanceolate, compressed, green or dull violet ; axis 

 smooth ; empty glumes ovate-oblong, keel scabrid ; upper much the largest, 

 acute or shortly awned ; fl. glumes T s n in., imbricate till quite mature, then 

 rather distant, oblong, 2-fid, strongly nerved ; awn dark. DISTHIB. Europe. 



35. CYNOSU'RUS, L. DOG'S-TAIL GRASS. 



Spikelets fascicled and forming a unilateral spike or contracted panicle ; 

 fascicles composed of 2 or more sessile spikelets, of which the outer (in- 

 volucre of authors) is deformed, being reduced to subulate pectinatelv 

 arranged empty glumes ; inner terete, 2-5-fld. Empty glumes 2, shorter 

 than the lowest fl., unequal, spiny, herbaceous. Fl. glumes terete, 

 3-nerved, mucronate, coriaceous, opaque. Palea with 2 ciliate nerves. 

 Scales with a basal lobe. Stamens 3. Ovary glabrous ; styles short ter- 

 minal, stigmas feathery. Fruit adherent to the fl. glume and palea. 

 DISTRIB. N. temp, regions ; species 5. ETYM. KVWV and ovpd, dog's tail. 



1. C. crista'tus, L. ; spike linear unilateral, 11. glumes shortly awned. 

 Dry pastures and banks ; ascending to 1,800 ft. in the N. of England ; fl. July- 



Aug. Perennial. Root tufted, stoloniferous. Stems tufted, 1-2 ft., terete, 

 strict, smooth, naked above. Leaves almost filiform, slightly hairy ; sheaths 

 smooth ; ligule 2-fid. Spike 1-2 in., strict, rigid ; rachis flexuous ; branches 

 pectinate ; spikelets A in., sessile between 6-10 rigid scabrid serrulate con- 

 cave segments, and as long as these; empty glumes cuspidate; fl. glumes 

 scabrid above, obscurely 3-nerved. DISTRIB. Europe, N. Africa. 



2. C. echina tus, L. ; panicle dense, awn equalling the fl. glume. 

 Sandy sea -shores, Channel Is. ; introduced on the British coasts ; fl. July. 



Annual ; larger and more robust than C. cristatus ; leaves broad, flat ; 

 panicle f-1^ in., ovoid, lobed, squarrose, shining ; branches ^ in., pectinate ; 



., , , , ., 



segments of branches J- in., subulate, slender, scarious, scaberulous ; 

 spikelets fewer on each branch, ^ in. Empty glumes hyaline ; fl. glumes 

 green. DISTRIB. Mid. and S. Europe, N. Africa, W. Asia. 



36. BRACHYPO'DIUM, Beauv. 



Spikelets subsessile, distichous, terete, spiked, inserted broadside to the 

 rachis, very many-fld. Empty glumes 2, rarely 1, much shorter than the 

 flowering, straight. PI. glumes densely imbricate ; awn terminal or 0, 

 nerves converging to the tip. Palea with ciliate nerves. Scales 2, ovate. 

 Stamens 3. Ovary hairy at the top ; styles distant, stigmas feathery. 

 Fruit adhering to the palea. DISTRIB. Europe, temp. Asia, N. Africa; 

 species 12. ETYM. Ppaxvs and voSi6v, from the subsessile spikelets. 



1. B. sylvat'icum, R. and S. ; root fibrous, leaves broad hirsute, spike 

 drooping, awn equalling its fl. glume. 



