466 FILICES. [NEPIIRODIUM. 



xlorl- and stout stipes densely clothed with long concolorous scales. Frond 

 12-18 in., subglandular beneath, narrow ; pinnae 2-3 in. ; pinnules acutely 

 toothed, lower with subpinnate venules. Sori close to the midrib. Invo- 

 lucre firm, convex. DISTRIB. W. Europe to Greece, W. Asia, N. America. 

 4. N. spinulosum, Desv.; rootstock tufted, stipes sparingly scaly, 



frond oblong-lanceolate, lower pinnae subdeltoicl, pinnules lobed to the 



rachis flat, teeth awned, involucre smooth entire or gland-ciliate. 



Woods and damp shaded places, from Perth and Inverness southwards ; frt. 

 Auii.-Sept. Rootstock stout, suberect, and stout pale stipes 1 ft., sparingly 

 clothed with ovate scales. Fronds 12-18 in., glabrous or glandular 

 beneath ; lower pinnae 2-4 in., subdeltoid ; pinnules 1 in., ovate-lanceo- 

 late, pinnatifid to the rachis, lobes oblong spinulose-toothed. Sori chiefly 

 on the upper half of the frond. DISTRIB. Europe (Arctic) excl. Turkey 

 and Greece, S. Africa, N.E. Asia, N. America. 



Sub-sp. SPINULO'SUM proper ; scales ovate concolorous, frond oblong-lanceolate 

 eglandular beneath, pale green, involucre not gland-ciliate. 



Sub-sp. DILATA'TDM, Desv. (sp.) ; scales denser narrower centre dark brown, 

 frond larger ovate-lanceolate or subdeltoid 2-3-pinnate more deeply cut 

 darker and brighter green, pinnae closer glandular beneath, involucre evan- 

 escent gland-ciliate. VAR. 1, glandulo'sum, Newm. ; more glandular 

 beneath, frond broader. VAR. 2, na'num, Newm. ; smaller. VAR. 3, 

 Hoott'ii, Tuck, (sp.) ; pinnules subentire. Lastrea collina, Newm. VAR. 



4. dumeto'rum, Sm. (sp. ), connects this with difatatum. Ascends to 3,700 ft. 

 in the Highlands, and extends into W. Asia and E. N. America. 



Sub-sp. REMO'TUM, Braun (sp.) ; scales lanceolate concolorous extending up 

 the rachis, frond oblong-lanceolate, pinnae close lanceolate, pinnules ovate- 

 oblong cut half away to the rachis eglandular beneath, lower only free, 

 involucre eglandular. Intermediate between N. spinulosum and Filix-mas. 



5. N. se'mtdum, Baker ; rootstock tufted, stipes densely scaly below, 

 frond subdeltoid 3-pinnate, pinnules triangular-ovate concave above 

 glandular beneath, lowest largest spinous-serrate, edges of involucre 

 eglandular. N. faenisecii, Lowe ; Lastrea recurva, Bree ; L. cumufa, Brack. 

 Hilly districts, local, throughout Great Britain and Ireland ; frt. July-Sept. 



Hardly distinct from N. spinulosum, frond more triangular and divided, 

 remarkably concave and curved upwards ; scales more fimbriate and undu- 

 late, glands of involucre sessile. DISTRIB. Europe, Madeira, Azores. 

 Whole plant smells of hay. 



6. N. Thelyp'teris, Desv.; rootstock creeping, stipes naked, frond 

 lanceolate pinnate, pinnae deeply pinnatifid, margins entire recurved. 

 Bogs and marshes, from Forfar to Kent and Dorset ; local and rare in Ire- 

 land ; frt. July-Au?. Rootstock long, black, hardly scaly. Stipes 1 ft., 

 slender, straw-coloured. Frond 1-2 ft., membranous, glabrous or sparingly 

 hairy below ; pinnae 2-3 in., spreading, cut to the rachis into narrow oblong 

 entire obtuse lobes ; upper venules simple, lower forked. Son small, dorsal 

 on the venule. Involucre gland-ciliate. DISTRIB. Europe, N. and S. and 

 trop. Africa, Siberia, Himalaya, N. America, New Zealand. 



7. N. Oreop'terls, Desv. ; rootstock short tufted, stipes naked above, 

 fr.mil pinnate, pinnse pinnatifid glandular beneath, margins entire flat. 

 A', moiitanum, Baker. 



