BOTRYCHIUM.] FILICES. 469 



district ; frt. May-July. Rootstock not tuberous. Frond 6-9 in., stout 



or slender. Blade 2-4 in., obscurely petioled, coriaceous, midrib obsolete. 



t>t,ike 1-2 in., peduncled ; capsules 6-20. DISTRIB. Europe, Madeira, W. 



Asia to the Himalaya, W. Siberia, N. America, S. temp, regions. 

 Sub-s'p. VULGA'TUM proper ; blade large ovate or oblong, spike '2-4 in. 

 Sub-sp. LUSITAX'ICUM, L. (sp.) ; rootstcck more tuberous, blade -1 iu. oblong 



or lanceolate, spike ^-^iii. Guernsey, frt. January-February. \V. Europe, 



W. Africa. 



17. BOTRYCH'IUM, Sw. MoONWORT. 



Rootstock small, tuberous ; roots of thick fleshy fibres. Fronds con- 

 sisting of an erect barren 1-4-pinnate flabellately-veined blade, and a 

 fertile panicle, covered on the surface facing the blade with small globose 

 coriaceous capsules which burst transversely. Spores minute. DISTRIB. 

 Temp, and trop. regions ; species 6. ETYM. Burpvs, from the clustered sori. 



1. B. Luna'ria, Siv. ; blade about the middle of the frond pinnate. 



Pastures and grassy banks ; ascending to 2,700 ft. in the Highlands ; frt. 

 June-Aug. Rootstock tuberous, enclosing at its top the bud of the next 

 year's frond. Frond 3-6 in., stout, terete, fleshy, glabrous ; blade 

 -2 in., oblong; pinnse g-circular or lunate, close-set, entire, crenate 

 toothed or subpinuatitid. Receptacle ^-3 in., erect, segments narrow, 

 incurved. Capsules sub-2-seriae on the segments. L>ISTR1B. Europe 

 (Arctic), N. and S. temp, and cold regions. 



YAH. ruta'ceum, Sw. (sp.) ; fronds deltoid, pinnules 3-4 pairs incised or pin- 

 natifid, lobes linear or cuneate 1 -nerved. Sands of Barry. 



ORDER II. LYCOPODIACEJB. 



Rootstock running, creeping, or a corm, or 0. Stem dichotomously 

 branched, usually rigid, leafy throughout, in Isoetes. Leaves imbricate 

 all round, or 2-6-fariously, small, simple, nerveless or 1-nerved. Capsules 

 (sporangia) sessile in the axils of the leaves or of the scales of a terminal 

 or axillary sessile or peduncled cone, 1-3-celled, of 1 or 2 kinds ; 1, com- 

 pressed offen reniforin, 2-valved, containing microscopic 4-hedral spores 

 (microtpores) ; 2 (when present), larger capsules, containing 3-4 much 

 larger spores (macrospores or oophoridia), marked with 3 radiating lines at 

 the top. DISTRIB. All climates ; genera 4-5 ; species 220. AFFINITIES. 

 With Marsileacece, and Filices. 



In germination, the macrospores of Selaginella and Isoetes develop a 

 cellular prothallus under the integuments, in the position of the radiating 

 lines ; this is extruded, and upon its surface are developed many arche- 

 gonia along the above lines, one only of which is fertilized. The micro- 

 spores burst, and emit cells containing each an antherozoid, which, gaining 

 access to the cavity of the archegouium, fertilizes its contained germ-cell, 

 as in F-ilices. The method of reproduction in Lycopodium is unknown. 



Stem elongate. Leaves small. Capsules of one kind 1. Lycopodium. 



Stem elongate. Leaves small. Capsules of two kinds 2. Selaginella. 



Stem 0. Leaves elongate, filiform or subulate 3. 



