Leaves Indeterminate. 181 



Genus JUNIPER US, L. (Red Cedar.) 



From a Celtic word meaning rough. 



Fig. 94. Red Cedar, Savin. J. Virginiana, L. 



Leaves, SIMPLE ; INDETERMINATE in position because of 

 their smallness and closeness. They are arranged in 

 four rows up and down the branchlets. 



In young or rapidly growing sprouts the leaves are awl- 

 shaped or needle-shaped, somewhat spreading from 

 the branch, very sharp and stiff, placed in pairs (or 

 sometimes in threes), usually about one fourth of an 

 inch long, and with the fine branchlets, which they 

 cover, rounded. 



In the older and slower-growing trees the leaves are scale- 

 like and overlapping, egg-shape, closely pressed to 

 the branchlets which they cover, and with the branch- 

 lets square. As the branchlets grow, the lower scales 

 sometimes lengthen and become dry and chaffy and 

 slightly spreading. 



Bark, brown and sometimes purplish-tinged, often shred- 

 ding off with age and leaving the trunk smooth and 

 polished. 



" Berries" about the size of a small pea, closely placed 

 along the branchlets, bluish, and covered with a 

 whitish powder. 



Found, in Southern Canada, and distributed nearly 

 throughout the United States more widely than 

 any other of the cone-bearing trees. 



