242 VACCINE TREATMENT IN THE PREVENTION OF DYSENTERY 



took from ten to twelve days to appear. The negative phase was 

 also present. 



Shiga has used the anti-dysentery serum to produce a pass- 

 ive immunity. The duration of such an immunity is very short 

 lived and does not exceed ten days. This was shown by Kruse 

 in 1904 when he vaccinated ten people with two cubic centi- 

 meters of ante-serum. Only one of this number took the disease, 

 three days after the injection. This amount, he concluded, was 

 too small. 1907 Lallemant used 10 c. c. of anti-dysenteric serum 

 in 60 cases at the insane asylum at Quatres-Mares. None of this 

 number came down during the epidemic. Rosculet 6 tried this 

 method in quite a large epidemic of dysentery by giving 5 c. c. 

 of an anti-dysenteric serum to 18 people. None of this number 

 came down with this disease, although they were exposed ; while 

 of 18 other people who were not vaccinated fourteen came down 

 with the disease. Michiels 7 at Chauvigny during an epidemic 

 gave an injection of 10 c. c. to 15 people. Only one of this 

 number contracted the disease nine days after the injection. It 

 would appear from this case and from Michiels' own personal 

 experience that the duration of this passive immunity does not 

 exceed ten days. 



MIXED VACCINATION WITH ANTI-SERUM AND 

 BACTERIAL VACCINE. 



In August, 1900, dysentery broke out in a Japanese village. 

 During one month there were 28 cases. Shiga 8 inoculated all the 

 inhabitants over four years of age not already infected. The 

 first injection consisted of anti-serum and bacterial vaccine in 

 equal amounts and four or five days later he gave a mixture of 

 80 parts of bacterial vaccine to 20 of anti-serum. All these 

 injections were followed by mild general and local reactions. 

 In this village epidemic only two cases appeared after these 

 inoculations. 



Dopter tried these same experiments on mice. He concludes 

 from this study that vaccination with anti-serum and bacterial 

 vaccine gives a speedy immunity which is practically immediate 

 in the great majority of cases. Immunity, however, lasts only 

 about four weeks. This method dispenses with the negative 

 phase and therefore prevents the subject from being more sus- 

 ceptible to an infection with the dysentery bacillus. The local 

 and general reactions from this method are also markedly less 

 than when the bacterial vaccine is used alone. Dopter concurred 

 with Beinarowitsch in that the quantity of serum given affects 

 the duration of the immunity in an inverse ratio; the less the 

 quantity of anti-serum given in combination with the bacterial 

 vaccine, the longer the immunity. 



