WILLARD S. SMALL, PH. D. 299 



2. This is followed by a brief study, two (2) weeks, of the 

 simplest organisms. All the life processes before studies are seen 

 to be performed by the one-cell animals. 



3. Then follows a study of the biologic series through the 

 fishes. This includes the sponge, hydroid, starfish, earthworm, 

 clam, and perch. Each of these types is studied relative to adap- 

 tation of structure to life processes under increasingly complex 

 conditions. Six (6) weeks. Laboratory method. 



4. A brief comparative study of human physiology occupies 

 four (4) weeks. The digestive, excretory, circulatory, respir- 

 atory and nervous systems are studied by use of charts, models, 

 texts and specimens of organs when practicable. 



5. The course concludes with twelve (12) weeks plant bio- 

 logy. 



Likewise I would issue an edict, had I the power, requiring 

 systematic work in physical education of all pupils in all high 

 schools. The teacher of physical training and gymnastics, if 

 competent, is the most effective because the most intimate teach- 

 er of personal hygiene. The physical examination and the con- 

 duct of physical exercises give occasion and opportunity for in- 

 struction in every important aspect of hygiene both personal 

 and general. The harvest from this field is rich for the high- 

 minded and adequately prepared teacher. The need is equally 

 great for boys and girls. 



Summary. 1. Improvement of health conditions through the 

 agency of the schools depends upon the adequate training of 

 teachers both in personal and school hygiene. (In addition to 

 proper sanitary engineering in schoolhouse construction.) 



2. For this instruction, the normal school must build upon 

 the foundations laid in the high schools. 



3. These foundations should be twofold: (1) Systematic in- 

 struction in general biology; (2) training for health in the de- 

 partment of physical education. 



