Introduction. 17 



then terminated at the Save, near the town of Agram* (Zagra- 

 bia) and this forms the present limit; for, although Austria 

 has recovered all that it lost, from the Save to the Adriatic, 

 these provinces have not been reinstated in the kingdom of 

 Hungary. 



The provinces, collectively, comprehend a surface of 5597 

 German geographical square miles, on which are found 90 

 cities, 706 towns, and 14,134 villages and hamlets. 



Hungarian Croatia, (Horvat-Orszag, Hung. Kroazien, 

 Germ.) and Sclavonia, (Tot-Orszag, Hung.) the extent of 

 which last is very diminutive, are both included between the 

 Drave, the Save, and a part of the Danube that passes between 

 the mouths of these two rivers, from Eszek to Belgrade; 

 Croatia forms the western part, and Sclavonia the eastern. 



The principality of Transyjvaniaf (Erdely-Orszag, Hung.) 

 is bounded, on the north, by the comitats or counties of Mar- 

 maros and Szathmar; on the east, by Moldavia; on the south, 

 by Wallachia ; and on the west, by the Banat and the Hun- 

 garian comitats of Arad and Bihar ; or rather, it is encom- 

 passed with groupes of mountains stretching in those directions. 



Hungary alone occupies a space nearly three times as large 

 as the above provinces, taken together. It reaches from the 

 Danube and the Drave, to the lofty mountains that form the 

 limits of Austria, Moravia, the two Galicias, and the Buckawine. 



With respect to the configuration of the surface, here are 

 mountains, whose summits are buried in everlasting snows, 

 and vast plains, but little above the level of the sea. The 

 mountains form a girdle round the country, as if to separate 

 it from all others ; it is open only on the south side, opposite 

 the Ottoman empire. 



There are two considerable ranges of mountains distinguish- 

 ed from all others by their elevation, the mountains of Tran- 

 sylvania to the S. E., and the groupes that form the boundaries 

 of Moravia and western Galicia. These two grand masses, in 

 relation to Hungary, appear like two citadels at the entrance 

 of an immense gulf. This part of the girdle has been called 

 the Carpathian Chain, though, strictly speaking, the name 

 should be limited to the most elevated parts of the north west. 



* The coraitat of Zagrabia, which anciently covered 300 square leagues of 

 country, lost, at that time, 213 of them. More also have been taken away by 

 the Croat regiments, and the kingdom of Hungary has had a total loss or depri- 

 vation of 844 square leagues. 



t This name was given to the principality, from its situation beyond countries 

 covered with wood, that lay at the eastern extremity of Hungary, properly so 

 called, and from itself consisting chiefly of forests. The Hungarian epithet, 

 Erdely, comes from Erdo, a forest ; Erderly-Orszag signifies a country or king- 

 dom of forests. 



VOYAGES and TRAVELS, No, L, VOL. IX, D 



