introduction. 21 



Arad, Arva, Bacs, Barany, Bars, Bekes, Beregh, Bihar, Bor- 

 sod, Csanad, Csongrad, Eisenburg, Gomor, Gran, Heves, Hont, 

 Komorn, Krasso, Lipto, Marmaros, Nograd, Nyitra, OEdenburg, 

 Pest, Presburg, Raab, Saros, Stuhlweissenburg, Sumegh, Sza- 

 boles, Szala, Szathmar, Temes, Thurotz, Tolua, Torna, Toron- 

 tal, Trentsen, Ugots, Ungh, Veszprim, Wieselburg, Zemplen, 

 Zips, and Zolyom. 



There are, besides, certain detached lauds, insulated within 

 the comitats, and governed by particular laws. Some depend 

 immediately on the king, others on the Palatine. Among the 

 former, are the free towns of Zips, scattered in the oomitat, but 

 composing an assemblage or district. The Haidonical towns, 

 in the country of Debreczin, that furnish a particular foot 

 militia, are under the royal authority. The districts that de- 

 pend on the palatine, are Little and Great Kumania, and the 

 Jaszons, all three in the Great Plain, and insulated within the 

 comitats of Pest and Heves. Sclavonia and Croatia have each 

 three comitats, Posega, Syrmia, and Verocze, for the former, 

 and Koros, Varasdin, and Zagrabia, for the latter. 



Transylvania is divided into three nations, the Hungarians, 

 the Szeklers, and the Saxons, and contains twenty-nine civil 

 divisions. For the Hungarian nation, eleven comitats, Lower 

 Alba, Higher Alba, Doboka, Hunyad, Klausenburg, Kraszna, 

 Kukullo, Szolnok Interior, Middle Szolnok, Torda, and Za- 

 rand, with the two districts of Fagaras, and Kovar. 



The Szekler nation has five local seats, Aranyos, Csik, Ha- 

 roinzek, Maros, and Udvarhely. 



The Saxons have nine seats or local portions, some of which 

 are extremely impoverished, from the long wars, which have 

 left marks of their desolations. The names are, Hermanstadt, 

 Nagysink, Medgyes, Reps, Segesvar, Szaszebes, Szaszvaros, 

 Szerdahely, and Ujegyhaz. There are, besides, two districts, 

 Bisztricz and Kronstadt. 



OF THE PRINCIPAL LANGUAGES AND RELIGIONS. 



It will be readily conceived, from the diversified classes that 

 inhabit Hungary, that there must be a confusion of tongues ; 

 in fact, such has been the difficulty of a mutual understanding, 

 that, for ages, the Latin has been in use for matters of common 

 concern, both with the government and individuals. Notwith- 

 standing which, there are really in Hungary but four consti- 

 tuent languages, the Sclavonian, the Hungarian or Magyare, 

 the German, and the Wallachian. 



The Sclavonian is one of the most ancient languages of 

 Europe, and the most extensively spread, in its different dia- 

 lects. Those of the northern people that had been civilized 



