28 M. Beudant's Travels in Hungary. 



manner. In respect to police, every village has a kind of 

 judge, elected in a meeting of the inhabitants, out of three in T 

 dividuals presented by the seignior, and often from among 

 themselves. To enforce execution, unless for causes or of- 

 fences of minor import, the seignior convenes a court of justice, 

 which pronounces legally on the case, or refers it to the county 

 court. 



P- From the forms of government, and the civil constitution of the 

 kingdom, the principles of which are analogous to those of the 

 most flourishing states, we might expect a high degree of civi- 

 lization, and are astonished to find the tardy progress of letters, 

 sciences, arts, industry, and commerce. To these, enlightened 

 men of all nations are now directing their attention, and as 

 the Hungarians are no longer in dread of revolutions, their 

 melioration may be looked for. During the last thirty or 

 forty years, the lords have begun to apply themselves to study, 

 endeavouring also to diffuse the means of useful knowledge, 

 and laying out their money to excite a spirit of industry. In 

 this respect much has been done, but much more remains to 

 do, and especially in matters wherein a government may pro- 

 ceed more effectually than individuals. Public instruction is 

 much neglected, and excepting a few establishments which 

 are very inferior to those of other countries, the youth here 

 find it impossible to acquire learning, or even the elements of 

 it, in a correct manner. ' 



In the produce of general industry, the condition of this 

 country is deplorable. With the exception of articles of the 

 first necessity, manufactured in the towns where most of the 

 workmen are Germans, others of almost every kind are im- 

 ported from Austria. The few manufactures in Hungary are 

 of inferior execution, and altogether inadequate to the con- 

 sumption. There is reason, however, to hope that a change 

 will take place for the better. There are now some manufac- 

 tures of cloth, the most considerable of which are at Kaschau 

 and Gacs, in the comitats of Abauj an<i Nograd. There is one 

 at GEdenburg, on the lake of Neusiedel, where the finest cloths 

 are made, and some, but inferior, at Modern, Tyrnau, and Ska- 

 litz ; all others are of the coarsest description, and the men 

 employed very few. The comitat of Zips has many manufac- 

 tures of linen cloth, and this business is carried on also, in the 

 most northerly mountainous parts, and at Kesmarck. There 

 are bleaching grounds at Rosenau, and within a few years 

 some cotton works have been raised, as at Sassin, in the 

 comitat ofNyitra, and atCEdenburg; they have a pretty ex- 

 tensive sale. Fifty or sixty years ago, certa'in silk works were 

 Introduced with much zeal, but the fabrics, and the culture. 



