$2 M. Beudant's Travels in Hungary. 



provident management in a number of places, no other advan- 

 tage is obtained from the wood than burning it to get pot- ash 

 from the cinders. Thus the major part of the forests, in the 

 higher regions, are lost to the state, and in the lower parts, for 

 want of proper modes of cutting, frightful mutilations and 

 havock take place. This has been found out too late, and 

 several establishments on the roads, or at the extremities of 

 towns, are in danger of being broken up. 



The vast forests of oaks on the tracts less elevated, are ser- 

 viceable in building, and their acorns feed thousands of hogs, 

 half wild. Of these we meet with numerous herds, especially 

 in the western parts of the country. Considerable quantities 

 of gall nuts are also obtained from them, that are mostly used 

 in the tanneries. 



From the excellent pasture grounds, especially in the marshy 

 parts of the Great Plain, the rearing of cattle has been much 

 attended to, so as to form an article of exportation. M. 

 Schwartner reports, that in 1802, 158,600 horned cattle,' 

 536,340 sheep, rams, goats, &c., and 170,068 lambs and kids, 

 were sent out of the country. The breeding of sheep, among 

 which are many Merinos, has been brought to some perfection. 

 Large quantities of their wool is used hi the manufactories, 

 and much also is sent abroad. According to M. Schwartner, 

 the exportation, in 1802, amounted to 14,278,8/0 ancient 

 pounds of Paris. Wrought into cloth, and different Woollen' 

 stuffs, it finds its way back into Hungary. 



The oxen are generally of a large size, their hair grey and- 

 smooth, their horns large and well formed, their head square. 

 Whert fattened, they are allowed to be fine animals. The' 

 horses, however, are small and ill made, and not a little atten- 

 tion is paid to improving the breed. Many of the lords have 

 particular studs on their lands, but the principal one is that 

 of Mezohegyes, in the comitat of Csanad, established by Joseph 

 II., in 1785. It is endowed with a territorial domain of 

 47,350 acres, (Parisian) and never has less than from 8 to 

 10,000 horses, including stallions of all descriptions. The 

 superintendent is a colonel, who has under him a major, 

 twelve officers, fifty inferior officers, and two hundred soldiers, 

 with a number of other individuals held in employment. There' 

 is another imperial stud at Babolna, in the comitat of Komorn. 

 These establishments have supplied the army and the opulent 

 classes with good and elegant horses, but the race in general 

 is not meliorated. The traveller every where meets with 

 horses of an inferior size, that appear to be stunt or not well 

 broke, and such as he would be timorous of making use of. 

 They support fatigue, however, much better than animals o 



