Journey from Vienna. 63 



aJt who pretended to tell fortunes. These vagabonds then 

 left the country, but either they or others returned, for an or- 

 donnance of the states of Orleans, in 1560, ordered all impostors, 

 under the name of Bohemians or Egyptians, to quit the king- 

 dom under pain of being sent to the galleys. It was, pro- 

 bably, in the fifteenth or sixteenth century that they arrived in 

 England, where they are known by the name of gypsies. 



Authors differ as to the origin of the Zigeuners. * Some trace 

 them to Cilicia and Assyria, others consider them as Persians, 

 of the branch of the Usbecks ; others derive them from Zin- 

 gitania, in Barbary, turning the word Zingare into Zingari and 

 Zigeuner, names given them in Italy and Germany. Accord- 

 ing to some, they are real Egyptians, having been called Phara- 

 oni, while others bring them from Asia Minor, in 1403, after 

 the defe-it" of Bajazet by Tamerlane. Grellman refers their 

 descent to Hindoos of the cast of the Parias, who were driven 

 out of their country, at the time of the conquest of India, by 

 the same Tamerlane. It is generally agreed that they are not 

 originally Europeans. As to the name of Bohemians, this is 

 applied in France to vagabonds of every description ; the first 

 gypsies that arrived had probably passed through Bohemia ; 

 the appellation, however, is considered as injurious. 



The Zingares have appeared, at times, in such numerous 

 bodies as to excite uneasiness in the inhabitants of the coun- 

 tries through which they were passing. More than 60,000 

 have been counted in Hungary and Transylvania, and when 

 the Buckawine was ceded to Austria in 1/78, out of 7000 in- 

 habitants, 1000 were Zingares. In the census, under the 

 Emperor Joseph in 1783, the number for Hungary amounted 

 to 40,000. There are many also in England, but in France, 

 Spain, and Italy, where they must conform to somewhat of a 

 civilized regimen, their number is very small. The children 

 among them are much fewer, in proportion, than among the 

 peasants of the countries where they reside. 



EXCURSION IN THE VALLEY OF HODRITZ. 



I made excursions through all parts of this valley; the mines 

 are pretty numerous about Hodritz, but terminate there. 

 Coming to a village called Kopanicza, inhabited by Germans, 

 from Austria and the frontiers, I was preparing at the church to 

 take the height of the barometer, when 1 found myself presently 

 surrounded by all the women of the place. They were astonish- 

 ed at the norelty of the spectacle, and were disputing about 

 the nature of the barometer, (that of Fortin) which sparkled 

 in their eyes, and they deemed it a wonderful machine. One 

 of them then became a Ciceroni, and explained to the others 



