264 



Yearbook of Agriculture 1949 



diameter and balsam fir to a limit of 

 6 to 7 inches. 



Marking was abandoned during the 

 war because their young foresters left 

 for military service. The control of cut- 

 ting was taken over by the operating 

 superintendent and his staff. Since the 

 war, the forestry and operating divi- 

 sions have been closely integrated, and 

 foresters are gradually replacing the 

 old-style operators. Despite a consider- 

 able forestry effort, the company has 

 found that growth has not come up to 

 expectations; the average rate is esti- 

 mated at just under one-tenth cord an 

 acre a year. To arrest further liquida- 

 tion of their own growing stock, the 

 firm now buys pulpwood from other 

 owners. Growth on special company 

 study plots has averaged about one- 

 half cord a year; that fact emphasizes 

 the importance of proper stocking. 

 Thought is now being given to meth- 

 ods to correct the slow recovery of ma- 

 ture stands following cutting and meas- 

 ures to improve rate of growth. 



The New York and Pennsylvania 

 Company, Inc., manufacturers of pulp 

 and paper, and its subsidiary, the Arm- 

 strong Forest Company, for more than 

 50 years have managed their timber- 

 lands in Pennsylvania for continued 

 growth of pulpwood. The first com- 

 pany forester was employed in 1907. 

 Pulpwood has been produced with an 

 eye always on the maintenance of for- 

 est growth. The company's forestry 

 program includes planting of bare 

 lands, an intensively developed pri- 

 mary and secondary road system to 

 make possible frequent light cuts, in- 

 tegrated utilization of pulpwood and 

 saw timber, a system of permanent 

 cutting plots to furnish guides to better 

 practice, a training program for wood 

 cutters to improve the quality of their 

 work, efforts to devise new logging 

 techniques and equipment, and other 

 activities deemed valuable in improv- 

 ing the output from company lands. 



The West Virginia Pulp and Paper 

 Company obtains the bulk of the wood 

 used at its mills in New York, Pennsyl- 

 vania, Maryland, and Virginia from 



farmers and other suppliers over wide 

 areas. Recognizing that the mills can- 

 not continue to produce and meet their 

 heavy expenses unless the wood supply 

 is secure, the company for many years 

 has taken an active interest in protec- 

 tion of the forests from fire and has 

 lent support to the efforts of public 

 agencies to reduce the number and 

 size of fires in the woods. The next 

 natural step is to encourage improve- 

 ment of woodlands through applica- 

 tion of forestry principles by those who 

 supply the wood. The company nat- 

 urally wants to see the cutters handle 

 the woodlands so they will produce 

 year after year, with steady em- 

 ployment for themselves and their 

 equipment. At some of the mills the 

 company has distributed booklets that 

 explain details of economical and safe 

 production, care of roads, and simple 

 methods of getting improved growth 

 on the forest land. Since a profitable 

 market is furnished for large quantities 

 of wood that has no value for lumber, 

 progress is being made toward estab- 

 lishment of full production on the 

 areas where wood is being cut. 



The Eastern Pulpwood Company 

 has acquired large areas of forest land 

 in Maine and New Brunswick. Origi- 

 nally the land was held as a timber re- 

 serve, while pulpwood was procured 

 from outside sources. Company lands 

 are now being cut on a conservative 

 basis with sustained yield in mind. 

 Balsam fir is cut to a lower diameter 

 than spruce in an effort to reduce dam- 

 age from spruce budworm, at present 

 a serious threat to Maine softwoods. 



The International Paper Company 

 owns more than a million acres, ac- 

 quired mostly about 1898, in New 

 York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and 

 Maine. Timber cut from the lands 

 has furnished a large part of the com- 

 pany's pulp requirements; the rest 

 comes from open-market purchases 

 and from Canada. When a timber in- 

 ventory and growth studies on the 

 American holdings are completed, the 

 company plans to draw up a manage- 

 ment system to guide operations for 



