Yearbook^ of Agriculture 1949 



nutlike fruits borne on a strap-shaped greenish stalk) 

 BASSWOOD (or linden, Tilia). 



67. AMERICAN BASSWOOD, Tilia americana L. (American linden, basswood, linden, linn, 

 beetree, limetree; T. glabra Vent.). 



Large tree of northeastern quarter of United States and adjacent Canada. Bark gray, 

 deeply furrowed into narrow, scaly ridges. Leaves in 2 rows, heart-shaped, 4 to 8 

 inches long, long-pointed, coarsely toothed with long-pointed teeth, dark green above, 

 light green beneath with tufts of hair in angles of main veins. Fruits nutlike, % to /2 inch 

 in diameter. 



Principal uses: Boxes (especially food containers), Venetian blinds, millwork, furniture, 

 apiary supplies, and woodenware. Also veneer, excelsior, and cooperage. Shade tree and 

 important honey plant. 



68. WHITE BASSWOOD, Tilia heterophylla Vent, (beetree linden). 



Large tree of Appalachian Mountain region west to Mississippi Valley. Bark gray, deeply 

 furrowed. Leaves in 2 rows, heart-shaped, 3 to 6 inches long, long-pointed, the 2 sides un- 

 equal at base, finely toothed, shiny dark green and smooth above, beneath white or brownish 

 with dense hairy coat. Fruits nutlike, J4 to Y& inch in diameter. 



Principal uses: Same as No. 67. 



oo. Leaves narrower, with leafstalks less than l /z inch long 



(flowers not on a strap-shaped stalk). 



p. Leaves with 1 main vein (midrib) and many parallel 

 lateral veins; fruits flat, elliptical or rounded, bordered 

 with a wing, maturing in spring (maturing in fall in Nos. 

 73 and 74) ELM (Ulmus). 

 q. Twigs round, not corky winged. 



69. AMERICAN ELM, Ulmus americana L. (white elm [lumber], soft elm [lumber], water 

 elm, gray elm, swamp elm ) . 



Large spreading tree of eastern half of United States and adjacent Canada, now 

 threatened in the Northeast by the Dutch elm disease. Bark gray, deeply furrowed, with 

 broad, forking, scaly ridges. Twigs soft-hairy, becoming smooth, not corky winged. Leaves 

 in 2 rows, elliptical, 3 to 6 inches long, long-pointed, the 2 sides unequal, coarsely and 

 doubly toothed with unequal teeth, thin, dark green and smooth or slightly rough above, 

 pale and usually soft-hairy beneath. Fruits elliptical, flat, % to l /z inch long. 



Principal uses: Containers (boxes, baskets, crates, and barrels), furniture, dairy, poultry, 

 and apiary supplies, caskets, and vehicle parts. American elm is extensively planted as a 

 shade tree across the United States. Shelterbelts. ( State tree of Massachusetts. ) 



70. SLIPPERY ELM, Ulmus rubra Muhl. (soft elm [lumber], red elm, gray elm; 7. fulva 

 Michx.). 



Medium-sized tree of eastern half of United States and adjacent Canada. Bark dark 

 brown, deeply furrowed; inner bark mucilaginous. Twigs hairy and rough, not corky 

 winged. Leaves in 2 rows, elliptical, 4 to 8 inches long, long-pointed, the 2 sides unequal, 

 coarsely and doubly toothed with unequal teeth, thick, dark green and very rough above, 

 densely soft-hairy beneath. Fruit rounded, flat, l /z to $4 inch long. 



Principal uses : Wood used same as No. 69. 



qq. Twigs usually becoming corky winged. 



71. ROCK ELM, Ulmus thomasi Sarg. (cork elm, hickory elm; U. racemosa Thomas, not 

 Borkh.). 



Medium-sized to large tree of northeastern quarter of United States and adjacent 

 Canada. Bark gray, deeply furrowed. Twigs often corky winged. Leaves in 2 rows, elliptical, 

 2 to 4 inches long, short-pointed, the 2 sides unequal, coarsely and doubly toothed with 

 unequal teeth, thick, shiny dark green and smooth above, pale and soft-hairy beneath. 

 Fruit elliptical, flat, % to % inch long. 



Principal uses : Wood used same as No. 69. Shade tree. 



72. WINGED ELM, Ulmus alattt Michx. (wahoo, cork elm). 



Medium-sized tree of southeastern quarter of United States. Bark light brown, thin, 

 irregularly fissured. Twigs usually becoming corky winged. Leaves in 2 rows, oblong, 

 1 J4 to 2 /a inches long, short-pointed, the 2 sides unequal, coarsely and doubly toothed with 

 unequal teeth, thick, dark green and smooth above, pale and soft-hairy beneath. Fruit 

 elliptical, flat, % inch long. 



Principal uses : Wood used same as No. 69. Shade tree. 



73. SEPTEMBER ELM, Ulmus serotina Sarg. (red elm). 



Medium-sized tree of Mississippi Valley region from Illinois to Georgia and Oklahoma. 

 Bark light brown, thin, fissured. Twigs often corky winged. Leaves in 2 rows, oblong, 

 2 to 3 inches long, long-pointed, the 2 sides unequal, coarsely and doubly toothed with 



