792 



Yearbook^ of Agriculture 1949 



85. Gray birch. 86. Black willow. 87. Peachleaf willow. 88. Black cherry. 



84. PAPER BIRCH, Betula papyrifera Marsh, (white birch, canoe birch, silver birch). 

 Medium-sized to large tree, including its varieties widely distributed in northeastern 



border of United States, northern Rocky Mountain region, and across Canada to Alaska, 

 Bark white, smooth, thin, separating into papery strips. Leaves oval, 2 to 4 inches long, 

 long-pointed, wedge-shaped or rounded at base, coarsely and usually doubly toothed, mostly 

 with 5 to 9 main veins on each side, dull dark green and smooth above, light yellow 

 green and smooth or slightly hairy beneath. Cones narrow, 1 j/a to 2 inches long and $/Q 

 inch wide, slender-stalked and hanging down. 



Principal uses : Spools and other turned articles. Toothpicks. Ornamental and shade tree. 

 Bark used by Indians for canoes and small articles. 



85. GRAY BIRCH, Betula populifolia Marsh, (white birch). 



Small tree of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. Bark grayish white, 

 smooth, thin; on larger trunks darker and fissured. Leaves triangular, 2 to 3 inches long, 

 long-pointed, sharply and doubly toothed, mostly with 4 to 8 main veins on each 

 side, dark green and shiny above, paler beneath. Cones $4 to 1 inch long, slender-stalked 

 and hanging down. 



Principal uses : Spools and other turned articles. Fuel. 



ss. Leaf edges with uniform teeth; fruit not a cone, 

 u. Leaves finely toothed, with curved lateral veins. 



v. Leaves narrow, more than three times as long as wide 

 (seeds hairy, in long-clustered capsules) WILLOW 

 (Salix). 



86. BLACK WILLOW, Salix nigra Marsh, (swamp willow, willow). 



Medium-sized to large tree of wet soil, eastern half of United States and adjacent 

 Canada. Bark dark brown or blackish, deeply furrowed, with scaly, forking ridges. Leaves 

 lance-shaped, 2/2 to 5 inches long, long-pointed, finely toothed, green on both sides, shiny 

 above and pale beneath. Male and female flowers on different trees in early spring, minute, 

 yellowish or greenish, many in narrow clusters 1 /4 to 3 inches long. 



Principal uses : Boxes and baskets, furniture, and caskets. A special use is for artificial 

 limbs. Erosion control. Shade tree. 



87. PEACHLEAF WILLOW, Salix amygdaloides Anderss. (peach willow, almond willow). 

 Small to medium-sized tree of wet soil, nearly across northern United States and adjacent 



Canada, south to Texas and Arizona. Bark brown, irregularly fissured into flat ridges. 

 Leaves lance-shaped, 2/ 2 to 5 inches long, long-pointed, finely toothed, shiny green above 

 and pale beneath. Male and female flowers on different trees in early spring, minute, 

 yellowish or greenish, many in narrow clusters 2 to 3 inches long. 



