Yearbook^ of Agriculture 1949 



91. Northern red oak. 92. Scarlet oak. 93. Shumard oak. 



94. Pin oak. 



novelties, and handles. Also fence posts, piling, veneer, and distillation products. Some 

 species are important shade trees. The acorns are eaten by wildlife and livestock. ("Native 

 oak" (Quercus spp.) is the State tree of Illinois.) 



x. Leaves and their lobes, if present, bristle-tipped ; acorns maturing in 

 second year BLACK OAKS (or red oaks, the lumber of most species 

 included here usually sold as red oak). 



y. Leaves broad, more than 2 inches wide, the margins distinctly lobed 

 and with bristle-pointed teeth, 

 z. Under surface of leaves green and nearly smooth. 



91. NORTHERN RED OAK, Quercus borealis Michx. f. (red oak [lumber], eastern red oak; 

 Q. rubra auth.). 



Large tree of eastern half of United States except southern border and in adjacent 

 Canada. Bark dark brown, fissured into broad, flat ridges. Leaves oblong, 5 to 9 inches 

 long, 7- to 11-lobed less than halfway to middle, the lobes with a few irregular bristle- 

 pointed teeth, dull dark green above, beneath pale yellow green, smooth or nearly so, 

 usually turning red in fall. Acorns YQ to I I /Q inches long, with deep or shallow cup. 



Principal uses: The most important lumber tree of the red oak group. Shade tree. 



92. SCARLET OAK, Quercus coccinea Muenchh. (red oak [lumber]). 



Large tree of eastern third of United States except southern border; also in southern 

 Ontario. Bark dark brown or gray, fissured into irregular, scaly ridges. Leaves oblong or 

 elliptical, 3 to 6 inches long, deeply 7-lobed nearly to middle, the lobes broader 

 toward the tip and with a few bristle-pointed teeth, edges rounded between the lobes, 

 bright green, shiny, and smooth above, paler and nearly smooth beneath, turning scarlet 

 in fall. Acorns J/2 to 94 inch long, a third to half enclosed by the deep cup. 



Principal uses: Red oak lumber. Shade tree. 



93. SHUMARD OAK, Quercus shumardii Buckl. (red oak [lumber], Shumard red oak, 

 Schneck oak, Texas oak, southern red oak). 



Large tree of eastern United States, chiefly in Atlantic coast, Gulf coast, and Mississippi 

 Valley regions. Bark gray or reddish brown, fissured into scaly plates. Leaves oval or 

 elliptical, 3 to 7 inches long, 5- to 9-lobed more than halfway to middle, the lobes with 

 a few bristle-pointed teeth, edges rounded or pointed between the lobes, dark green 

 and shiny above, beneath light green with tufts of hairs along midrib. Acorns % to 1 */& 

 inches long, with shallow or deep cup. 



Principal uses: Important timber tree for red oak lumber. Furniture, cabinet work, 

 and veneer. Shade tree. 



