8o2 Yearbook^ of Agriculture 1949 



Pacific coast north to Alaska. Bark brown, thin, with many loose scales. Needles 2 in 

 cluster, stout, often twisted, 1 to 3 inches long, yellow green. Cones egg-shaped, 1 -sided, 

 3/4 to 2 inches long, light yellow brown, with prickly scales, remaining closed on the 

 tree many years. 



Principal uses: Mine timbers, railroad ties, poles, posts, fuel, lumber, and pulpwood. 

 (Lodgepole pine is the State tree of Wyoming.) 



120. PINYON, Pinus edulis Engelm. (nut pine, pinyon pine, Colorado pinyon pine; 

 Pinus cembroides var. edulis (Engelm.) Voss). 



Small tree of southern Rocky Mountain region, including adjacent Mexico. Bark 

 reddish brown, furrowed into scaly ridges. Needles 2 (sometimes 3) in cluster, stout, 

 % to 1 % inches long, dark green. Cones egg-shaped, 1 x / 2 to 2 inches long, light brown, 

 with stout, blunt scales and large, wingless, edible seeds l /z inch long, known as pinyon 

 nuts. 



Principal uses: The edible seeds are a wild, commercial nut crop, sold as pinyon nuts 

 and Indian nuts. Mine timbers and fuel. Ornamental. (Stajte tree of New Mexico.) 



121. SINGLELEAF PINYON, Pinus monophylla Torr. & Frem. (nut pine, pinyon; single- 

 leaf pinyon pine; Pinus cembroides var. monophylla (Torr. & Frem.) Voss). 



Small tree of Great Basin region to California and Lower California. Bark dark brown, 

 furrowed into scaly ridges. Needles 1 in a sheath, stout, 1 to 2 inches long, gray green. 

 Cones egg-shaped, 2 to 2/2 inches long, light brown, with stout, blunt scales, and 

 large, wingless, edible seeds % inch long, known as pinyon nuts. 



Principal uses: The edible seeds are sold locally as pinyon nuts and pine nuts. (Pinyon 

 is the State tree of Nevada. ) 



CC. Leaves without sheath at base, not in clusters, needlelike or scalelike. 

 F (FF on page 805), Leaves needlelike, mostly more than */2 inch long. 

 G. Twigs roughened by projecting bases of old needles. 



H. Needles with leafstalks, flattened (rounded in No. 124), appearing in 



2 rows. 

 /. Needles stiff, sharp-pointed, extending down the twig YEW (Taxus}. 



122. PACIFIC YEW, Taxus brevifolia Nutt. (western yew, yew). 



Small to medium-sized tree of Pacific Coast and northern Rocky Mountain regions north 

 to Canada and Alaska. Bark purplish brown, very thin, smoothish, with papery scales. 

 Needles in 2 rows, flat, slightly curved, paler beneath, stiff, sharp-pointed, ^ to 1 inch 

 long, dark yellow green, the leafstalks extending down the twigs. Seeds single, 3/s inch long, 

 exposed at apex but partly surrounded by a thick, fleshy, scarlet, cuplike disk. 



Principal uses: Of limited use because of its scarcity. Poles, canoe paddles, bows, and 

 small cabinet work. Ornamental. 



II. Needles soft, blunt-pointed, not extending down the twig HEMLOCK 

 (Tsuga). 



123. WESTERN HEMLOCK, Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. (west coast hemlock 

 [lumber], Pacific hemlock, hemlock; formerly Tsuga mertensiana auth.). 



Large tree of Pacific coast and northern Rocky Mountain regions north to Canada and 

 Alaska. Bark reddish brown, deeply furrowed into broad, flat ridges. Needles short-stalked, 

 flat, l /4 to y$ inch long, shiny dark green, lighter beneath. Cones 34 to 1 inch long, brownish. 



Principal uses: Important timber tree. Pulpwood, and lumber for building material, 

 boxes and crates, and flooring. The bark is a potential source of tannin. Ornamental. 

 (State tree of Washington.) 



124. MOUNTAIN HEMLOCK, Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr. (black hemlock, alpine 

 hemlock). 



Large tree of timber line, Pacific coast and northern Rocky Mountain regions north to 

 Canada and Alaska. Bark reddish brown, deeply furrowed into narrow ridges. Needles 

 short-stalked, rounded or angled, % to 1 inch long, blue green. Cones long, 1 to 3 inches 

 long, usually purplish but turning brown. 



Principal uses: Ornamental. 



HH. Needles without leafstalks, 4-angled (flat in No. 127), sharp-pointed, 

 extending out on all sides of twig SPRUCE (Picea; see also Nos. 16 and 

 17). 



125. ENGELMANN SPRUCE, Picea engelmanni Parry (white spruce, mountain spruce, 

 silver spruce). 



Large tree of high altitudes, Rocky Mountain and Pacific coast regions, including 

 adjacent Canada. Bark grayish or purplish brown, thin, with loosely attached scales. 

 Needles 4-angled, $/Q to 1 l /s inches long, dark or pale blue green, of disagreeable odor 



