Yearbook^ of Agriculture 1949 



127. Sitka spruce. 128. Douglas-fir. 129- White fir. 



130. Alpine fir. 



tion as lumber, timbers, piling, and plywood. Also fuel, railroad ties, cooperage, mine 

 timbers, and fencing. Lumber manufactured into millwork, railroad-car construction, boxes 

 and crates, flooring, furniture, ships and boats, ladders. Storage battery separators. Also 

 shade tree, ornamental, and shelterbelts. (State tree of Oregon.) 



//. Needles without leafstalks; cones upright, in top of tree FIR (Abies; 



see also No. 18). 

 K. Needles flat. 



129. WHITE FIR, Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Hoopes (balsam fir, silver fir, white 

 balsam). 



Large tree of Rocky Mountain and Pacific coast regions, south to Lower California. 

 Bark gray, smoothish, becoming thick, deeply furrowed into scaly ridges. Needles flat, 

 1 l /z to 2 1 /2 inches long, pale blue green. Cones upright, 3 to 5 inches long, greenish, purple, 

 or yellow. 



Principal uses: Lumber for building construction, chiefly in houses, boxes and crates, 

 planing-mill products, and general millwork. Pulpwood. Ornamental and shade tree. 



130. ALPINE FIR, Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. (white fir [lumber], balsam, white 

 balsam). 



Large tree of high altitudes, Rocky Mountain region north to Canada and Alaska. 

 Bark gray, smoothish, becoming fissured. Needles flat, 1 to 1^4 inches long, blue green. 

 Cones upright, 2 l /z to 4 inches long, purple. 



Principal uses: Same as No. 129. 



131. PACIFIC SILVER FIR, Abies amabilis (Dougl.) Forb. (silver fir [lumber], white fir 

 [lumber], Cascades fir, red fir, lovely fir). 



Large tree of Pacific coast region from Oregon north to Canada and Alaska. Bark gray, 

 smoothish. Needles flat, ^4 to 1 J4 inches long, dark green and shiny, silvery white beneath. 

 Cones upright, 3 to 6 inches long, purple. 



Principal uses: Same as No. 129. 



132. GRAND FIR, Abies grandis (Dougl.) Lindl. (white fir [lumber], lowland white fir, 

 balsam fir, lowland fir, silver fir, yellow fir). 



Large tree of northern Rocky Mountain and Pacific coast regions, including southern 

 British Columbia. Bark reddish brown, becoming deeply furrowed into narrow ridges. 

 Needles flat, 1 to 2 inches long, dark green and shiny, silvery white beneath. Cones upright, 

 2 to 4 inches long, green. 



