820 Yearbook of Agriculture 1949 



A. Evergreens (subtropical and warm temperate), leaves scalelike, Nos. 1 to 3. 



1. HORSETAIL CASUARiNA, Casuarino, equisetifolia L. (horsetail beefwood, Australian- 

 pine ) . Large evergreen tree resembling conifers, with thin crown of drooping branches 

 and with leaves reduced to scales. Bark smoothish. Twigs wiry, pale green, jointed and 

 grooved, with rings J4 inch apart consisting of 6 to 8 brownish scale leaves ^ie inch long. 

 Male flowers in narrow clusters /a inch long and female flowers in short clusters YQ inch in 

 diameter. Fruiting cones Yz inch in diameter, light brown. Native of tropical Asia and 

 Australia. Planted in subtropical regions of Florida, southern Texas, southern Arizona, 

 and California. Extensively naturalized in southern Florida. Used for windbreaks and 

 planting on sand dunes as well as a street tree and ornamental. Rapidly growing and 

 adapted to dry, sandy, alkaline, and saline soils. Zone (9). 



2. ATHEL TAMARISK, Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karst. (athel, evergreen athel, evergreen 

 tamarisk; T. articulata Vahl). Small to medium-sized evergreen tree with many spreading 

 branches and dense rounded crown. Twigs wiry, gray green, jointed, the joints composed 

 of scale leaves Vie inch long each circling the twig and ending in a minute point. Flowers 

 very small, pink, less than M^ inch long, in slender branched clusters in summer. Fruit a 

 small capsule. Native of northeastern Africa and western Asia. Planted in subtropical 

 regions in southern Texas, southern Arizona, and California. Rapidly growing tree used 

 for shade and windbreaks. Drought-resistant and tolerant of alkaline and saline soils. 

 Zone (9). 



3. ITALIAN CYPRESS, Cupressus sempervirens L. (Mediterranean cypress) . Tall, medium- 

 sized, cone-bearing evergreen tree (conifer) with erect or horizontal branches and narrow, 

 columnar crown. Bark thin, gray, smooth or slightly fissured. Leaves scalelike, ^4 inch 

 long, blunt-pointed, dark green, crowded and forming 4-angled twigs. Cones 1 inch in 

 diameter, gray, with a short knob or point on each scale. Native of southern Europe and 

 western Asia. The classical cypress of the ancient Greeks and Romans, much planted in 

 formal gardens in southern Europe. Hardy in subtropical and warm temperate climates in 

 the Pacific, Gulf, and South Atlantic States. Common in California. Zone (7). 



B. Evergreens, leaves needlelike (cone-bearing, or conifers), Nos. 4 to 8. 



4. CEDAR-OF-LEBANON, Cedrus libani Loud. (C. libanotica Link). Large cone-bearing 

 evergreen tree with irregular spreading crown of horizontal branches. Bark dark gray, be- 

 coming fissured and scaly. Twigs smooth or slightly hairy. Needles many in cluster on short 

 spur branches (or single on leading twigs), 3-angled, short, % to \ 1 A inches long, dark or 

 bright green. Cones 3 to 4 inches long, reddish brown, upright. Native of Asia Minor and 

 Syria. Adapted to warm temperate and subtropical climates in Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific 

 regions but not hardy in far North. Beautiful ornamental tree of special interest because of 

 its association with the Bible and the Holy Land. Zone 5. 



5. DEODAR CEDAR, Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) Loud. (Deodar). Large cone-bearing ever- 

 green tree with regular pyramidal shape and graceful drooping branches down to base. 

 Bark dark gray, becoming fissured and scaly. Twigs densely hairy. Needles many in cluster 

 on short spur branches (or single on leading twigs), 3-angled, short, 1 to 2 inches long, 

 dark blue green. Cones 3 to 5 inches long, reddish brown, upright. Native of Himalaya. 

 Adapted to subtropical climates of Gulf, Mexican border, and Pacific regions and especially 

 popular in California. Zone 7. 



6. SCOTCH PINE, Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine). Large cone-bearing evergreen tree 

 with irregular crown, spreading branches, and blue green foliage. Bark reddish brown, on 

 older trunks becoming grayish and fissured into scaly plates. Needles 2 in cluster, 1 l /t, 

 to 3 inches long, blue green, usually twisted. Cones 1 J / 2 to 2 /a inches long, yellow brown, 

 with minute prickles. Native and widely distributed across Europe and northern Asia and 

 one of the most important timber trees of Europe. Hardy across the United States. In the 

 Northeast and in adjacent Canada extensively planted in forestry plantations, shelterbelts, 

 and for ornament, and spreading and becoming naturalized. However, native pines are 

 usually superior for forestry purposes. Thrives on poorer, sandy soils as well as on better 

 loams. Resistant to city smoke. Zone 2. 



7. AUSTRIAN PINE, Pinus nigra Arnold (P. austriaca Hoess, P. laricio Poir.). Medium- 

 sized to large pyramidal cone-bearing evergreen tree with spreading branches and dense, 

 dark-green foliage. Bark dark gray, fissured into irregular, scaly plates. Needles 2 in cluster, 

 3/2 to 6 inches long, dark green, stiff. Cones 2 to 3 inches long, yellow brown, shiny, 

 usually with short prickles. Several geographic varieties and garden forms are distinguished. 

 Native of central and southern Europe and Asia Minor and a valuable timber tree there. 



1. Horsetail casuarina. 2. Athel tamarisk. 3. Italian cypress. 4. Cedar-of-Lebanon. 

 5. Deodar cedar. 6. Scotch pine. 7. Austrian pine. 8. Norway spruce. 9. English 

 holly. 10. Cajeput-tree. 11. Red-ironbark eucalyptus. 12. Longbeak eucalyptus. 13. 

 Tasmanian blue eucalyptus. 



