822 Yearbook^ of Agriculture 1949 



Across the United States one of the commoner foreign ornamental trees. ^ Used also in 

 shelterbelts. Hardy in East extending north to southern New England and in west except 

 coldest, hottest, and driest regions. Grows in sandy, loam, and clay soils. Tolerant of city 

 dust and smoke. Zone 4. 



8. NORWAY SPRUCE, Picea abies (L.) Karst. (P. excelsa Link). Large conical cone- 

 bearing evergreen tree with spreading branches and drooping twigs. Bark reddish brown, 

 scaly. Needles 4-angled, % to 1 inch long, dark green. Cones 4 to 6 inches long, light brown, 

 with thin, slightly pointed, irregularly toothed scales. There are numerous horticultural 

 forms. Native of northern and central Europe, where it is the common spruce and used for 

 paper pulp and lumber. Adapted to cool moist climates of northeastern United States, 

 Rocky Mountains, and Pacific coast. Widely planted for ornament, shelterbelts, and 

 forestry plantations, and occasionally escaping from cultivation. Best suited to well-drained 

 loam but successful on most other soils. Zone 2. 



G. Broadleaf evergreens (subtropical, except No. 9), leaves not divided into leaflets 

 (simple), Nos. 9 to 15. 



9. ENGLISH HOLLY, Ilex aquifolium L. Small to medium-sized evergreen tree with 

 short, spreading branches and dense pyramidal crown. Leaves oval, \ l / 2 to 3 inches long, 

 stiff and leathery, the wavy edges with large spiny teeth, shiny dark green, lighter beneath. 

 Flowers male and female on different trees, white, small, less than j4-inch long, fragrant, 

 in late spring. Fruits J4 to % inch in diameter, berrylike, bright red, shiny, usually 

 clustered, remaining on tree in winter. There are numerous horticultural forms. Native 

 from western and southern Europe and northern Africa to western Asia and China. Planted 

 in Atlantic, Southern, and Pacific States for the ornamental evergreen foliage and red 

 fruits. Zone 6. 



10. CA]EPVT-TK.EE } Melaleuca leucadendron (L.) L. (punk-tree, bottlebrush). Medium- 

 sized to large, slender tree with drooping, smooth or silky twigs. Bark thick and spongy or 

 corky, whitish, peeling off in many thin layers. Leaves evergreen, narrowly elliptical or 

 lance-shaped, 2 to 4 inches long, pointed at base and apex, with parallel veins, thick, pale 

 green on both sides. Flowers creamy white, % inch long, stalkless, in many-flowered 

 clusters 2 to 4 inches long, suggesting a bottle-brush, in summer and fall. Fruiting capsules 

 less than J4 inch in diameter, the clusters remaining on the tree. Native of Australia. 

 Subtropical tree planted in Florida, where it has become naturalized, and in southern 

 California and southern Texas. Fast growing and resistant to wind, drought, fires, and 

 salt water. Suitable for windbreaks and beach planting as well as for ornament and shade. 

 The bark is used for packing fruits and for roofs and boats,, Cajeput oil of medicine is 

 obtained from the leaves. Zone (9). 



11. RED-IRONBARK EUCALYPTUS, Eucalyptus sideroxylon Gunn. (red ironbark, mulga 

 ironbark eucalyptus, mugga). Medium-sized slender evergreen tree. Bark rough, deeply 

 furrowed, blackish. Leaves lance-shaped, 3 to 6 inches long, often curved, gray green on 

 both sides. Flowers showy, white to pink to red in different varieties, about $4 inch broad, 

 numerous in clusters in winter and spring. Fruiting capsules oval, *4 to % inch in diameter. 

 Native of Australia. Subtropical tree planted in southern California, where it is hardy, 

 drought-resistant, and moderately tolerant of alkali. Zone (9). 



12. LONGBEAK EUCALYPTUS, Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. (redgum; E. rostrata 

 Schlecht., not Cav. ) . Tall evergreen tree with slender symmetrical crown and slender, 

 slightly drooping branches. Bark dark gray, rough and furrowed near base, smooth and 

 peeling off above. Leaves lance-shaped, 4 to 6 inches long, leathery, long-pointed, with 

 smooth edges, green on both sides. Flowers whitish, 94 inch broad, clustered. Fruiting 

 capsules /4 inch in diameter. Native of Australia. Planted in subtropical regions of Cali- 

 fornia, southern Arizona, southern Texas, and Florida. One of the hardiest species of 

 eucalyptus in resistance to drought, frost, heat, and alkali. Thrives in good moist soils. 

 Zone (9). 



13. TASMANIAN BLUE EUCALYPTUS, Eucalyptus globulus Labill. (Tasmanian bluegum, 

 bluegum). Very tall evergreen tree with straight trunk and narrow crown. Bark peeling 

 off in long thin strips, becoming smooth and grayish. Leaves lance-shaped, slightly curved, 

 6 to 12 inches long, leathery, long-pointed, with smooth edges, green on both sides, aro- 

 matic; leaves of young plants and young shoots paired, stalkless, broad and oval, bluish, 

 covered with a bloom. Flowers whitish, 1 1 /2 inches broad, scattered, in winter and spring. 

 Fruiting capsules 4-angled, $4 to 1 inch broad, warty, bluish white. Native of Tasmania. 

 Subtropical species, the most commonly cultivated eucalyptus in the world. Common in 

 California, where it grows very rapidly. Used also for plantations and windbreaks. Adapted 

 to a wide range of conditions and alkali-tolerant but thrives in good, moist soil. Objec- 

 tionable because the roots penetrate defective sewers. Zone (9). 



14. CAMPHOR-TREE, Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Nees & Eberm. (Camphor a camphor a 

 (L.) Karst.). Small to medium-sized evergreen tree with enlarged base and dense oval 

 crown. Leaves long-stalked, elliptical, 2 to 5 inches long, long-pointed, with 2 or more 



