834 Yearbook^ of Agriculture 1949 



(b) Heartwood brown with reddish tinge. 



(ai) Tangential bands long and very conspicuous throughout the summerwood. 

 (a a ) The porous ring of the springwood from 2 to 4 pores wide. Sapwood 

 mostly less than 1 inch wide. Heartwood with characteristic odor of 

 slippery elm bark. Wood moderately heavy. 



SLIPPERY ELM 

 (ba) The porous ring of the springwood only one pore wide, except in very 



wide rings. Sapwood mostly more than 1 inch in width, 

 (as) Pores in springwood fairly conspicuous, open, and close together. 

 Wood moderately heavy. 



AMERICAN ELM 



(b a ) Pores in springwood inconspicuous because comparatively small, closed, 

 and not close together. Wood heavy. 



ROCK ELM 



CEDAR ELM 



WINGED ELM 



(bi) Tangential bands short, inconspicuous, and limited to outer summerwood. 

 Springwood zone several pores wide. Sapwood more than 1 inch, usually 

 several inches wide. Wood heavy. 



WHITE ASH 



GREEN ASH 



OREGON ASH 



(c) Heartwood yellowish or golden brown becoming dark brown on exposure. 

 Pores in heartwood completely closed. Sapwood less than three-fourths inch 

 wide. 



(ai) Wood heavy. Tangential bands uniformly distributed throughout the sum- 

 merwood. Rays distinct. 



RED MULBERRY 



(bi) Wood very heavy to very, very heavy. Tangential bands confined to, or more 

 pronounced in, the outer portion of the summerwood. Rays not distinct. 



OSAGE-ORANGE 2 



(d) Heartwood greenish brown. Pores in heartwood completely closed. Rays not 

 distinct. Sapwood less than three-fourths inch wide. Woods very heavy to very, 

 very heavy. 



BLACK LOCUST 2 



(e) Heartwood silvery brown, with spicy odor and taste. Rays not distinct. Sap- 

 wood less than three-fourths inch wide. Wood moderately heavy. 



SASSAFRAS 



(f) Heartwood grayish brown with lavender tinge, after prolonged exposure 

 resembling butternut or black walnut in color. Sapwood narrow, rarely more 

 than three-fourths inch wide. Wood moderately light. 



NORTHERN CATALPA 



(g) Heartwood yellowish or light greenish gray, not distinct from the sapwood. 

 Tangential bands long and very conspicuous throughout the summerwood 

 (resembling slippery elm except for color). Rays fairly distinct. Wood mod- 

 erately heavy. 



HACKBERRY 

 SUGARBERRY 



3. Summerwood not figured with radial or tangential patterns visible without a lens, 

 (a) Heartwood reddish brown. Sapwood more than 1 inch wide. 



(ai) Pores decreasing in size abruptly from springwood to summerwood. Wood 

 heavy to very heavy. 



TRUE HICKORIES: 



SHAGBARK HICKORY 

 SHELLBARK HICKORY 

 MOCKERNUT HICKORY 

 PIGNUT HICKORY 



(bi) Pores decreasing in size more or less gradually from springwood to sum- 

 merwood. Wood heavy. 



PECAN 

 WATER HICKORY 



2 Osage-orange sometimes is difficult to distinguish from black locust wood, but when 

 put on a wet cloth or blotter, Osage-orange heartwood gives off a distinct yellow color in 

 a few minutes, whereas black locust does so only faintly or not at all. Dry black locust 

 heartwood fluoresces brilliant yellow in ultra violet light; Osage-orange does not fluoresce 

 when dry. 



