Key for the Identification of Woods 835 



(b) Heartwood light cherry red. Sapwood usually less than three-fourths inch 

 wide. Wood heavy. 



KENTUCKY COFFEETREE 



(c) Heartwood grayish brown. Sapwood usually less than three-fourths inch wide. 

 Wood moderately heavy. 



BLACK ASH 



B. Diffuse-porous; that is, no ring of large pores is formed at the beginning of each 

 annual ring, the pores being uniform in size or gradually decreasing in size from the 

 inner to the outer part of each annual ring. 



1. Individual pores plainly visible on end grain and side grain, gradually decreasing 

 in size from inner to outer part of each annual ring. 



(a) Some rays broad and conspicuous, fully as wide as the largest pores. Pores 

 arranged in radial groups extending across the annual rings. 



(ai) Southern species. Wood exceedingly heavy. 



LIVE OAK 

 (bi) Western species. Wood very heavy. 



CANYON LIVE OAK 



(b) All rays smaller than the largest pores. The pores not arranged in radial groups 

 extending across the rings. 



(ai) Tangential surface marked with very fine bands which run across the grain 

 and are due to the storied arrangement of the rays. Heartwood black, or 

 brownish black (usually very small). Sapwood wide, white or pale gray. 

 Wood very, very heavy. 



COMMON PERSIMMON 

 (bt) Tangential surface not marked with fine cross bands. 



(az) Heartwood reddish brown. Sapwood wide. Wood heavy. 



WATER HICKORY 



(bz) Heartwood chocolate or purplish brown. Sapwood narrow to moderate 

 in width. Wood heavy. 



BLACK WALNUT 



(cz) Heartwood light chestnut brown, frequently with dark springwood and 

 pinkish-brown summerwood. Sapwood narrow. Wood moderately light. 



BUTTERNUT 



2. Individual pores barely visible under conditions of good light and a very smoothly 

 cut surface, fairly uniform in size throughout each annual ring. 



(a) Pores not crowded on end surface. Heartwood reddish brown. 

 (ai) Wood heavy to very heavy. Pith flecks very rare. 



YELLOW BIRCH 

 SWEET BIRCH 

 (bi) Wood moderately heavy. Pith flecks common. 



PAPER BIRCH 

 RIVER BIRCH 



(b) Pores crowded on end surface. Wood light, 

 (ai) Heartwood grayish. 



COTTONWOOD 

 (bi) Heartwood dark reddish brown. 



BLACK WILLOW 

 (ci) Heartwood light reddish brown. 



WHITE WILLOW 

 II. Pores not visible. 



A. Rays comparatively broad and conspicuous. Color of heartwood in various shades of 

 light reddish brown. 



1. The rays crowded on end grain; up to three-sixteenths inch high on radial and 

 tangential surfaces, producing pronounced, crowded, "flakes" when quarter- 

 sawed. No denser and darker band of summerwood noticeable. Wood usually has 

 interlocked grain; moderately heavy. 



SYCAMORE 



2. The broad rays not crowded; up to one-eighth inch high on radial and tangential 

 surfaces, producing scattered "flakes" when quarter-sawed. A distinct, denser, 

 and darker band of summerwood present. Wood usually fairly straight-grained; 

 heavy. 



BEECH 



B. Rays not conspicuous but distinctly visible. 



1. Heartwood deep, rich, reddish brown. Sapwood narrow, usually less than 1 inch 

 wide. Annual rings clearly defined. Rays very distinct. Wood moderately heavy. 



BLACK CHERRY 



