Some Words Woodsmen Use 



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reduced to its component fibers. It is used 

 to make paper or synthetic fabrics. Pulp 

 is produced in various degrees of refine- 

 ment. Alpha pulp is almost pure alpha cel- 

 lulose. Other pulps have various percent- 

 ages of hemi cellulose and even lignin. 



REGENERATION The reproduction or 

 regrowth of a part which has been lost or 

 destroyed ; reestablishment on a better basis. 

 Renewal by self-sown seeds, sprouts, 

 rhizomes, and such. 



RELEASE CUTTING A cutting of larger 

 individual trees that are overtopping young 

 trees, for the purpose of freeing the young 

 trees to permit them to make good growth. 



REPRODUCTION In forestry, the young 

 trees that start from self-sown seed of the 

 older trees in a stand. 



RESISTANCE The ability of a plant to 

 develop and function normally despite ad- 

 verse environmental conditions or the at- 

 tacks of disease or insects. 



RING (in trees) Annual growth; the 

 growth layer put on in a single growth year. 



ROAD MONKEY A man who inspects and 

 repairs a logging road. 



ROSIN A hard, brittle, natural resin ob- 

 tained from the oleoresin exudate of certain 

 resinous trees. Rosin is a particular kind of 

 resin. Rosin is obtained either from gum 

 that exudes from the living pine tree or 

 from wood by extraction. Wood rosin and 

 gum rosin are kinds of resins. 



SAPLING A young tree, usually one that 

 is between 2 and 4 inches thick. 



SAPWOOD The outer wood of trees in 

 which certain of the cells are still alive 

 and serve to conduct water from the roots 

 to the leaves. 



SAPROPHYTE Any organism that lives 

 on dead or decaying organic matter. Most 

 of the higher fungi (like mushrooms and 

 toadstools), various orchids, as the coral- 

 root, and certain families, as the Monotro- 

 paceae, are saprophytes. 



SAW TIMBER Trees of a size and quality 

 that will make logs suitable for sawing into 

 lumber; trees suitable for production of 

 sawlogs. Timber that will make lumber. 



SCALPING The removal of turf or other 

 vegetation in the small area where a tree 

 is to be planted. 



SECOND-GROWTH FOREST Forest growth 

 which comes up after removal of the old 



stand by cutting, fire, or other cause.. In 

 lumberman's parlance, the smaller trees left 

 after lumbering or the trees available for a 

 second logging. 



SEEDLING Generally speaking, any tree 

 that originates from a seed is called a seed- 

 ling, in contrast with those originating as a 

 sprout, a root sucker, or from a cutting. In 

 applied forestry, the term is restricted to 

 such trees under 6 feet in height, while in 

 forest-nursery practice, a seedling is a tree 

 that is grown from seed and that has not 

 been transplanted to secure a better devel- 

 oped root system. 



SELECTION Picking out, or culling; the 

 choosing of the best of a group. Any proc- 

 ess, natural or artificial, which results or 

 tends to result in preventing certain indi- 

 viduals or groups of organisms from sur- 

 viving and propagating and in allowing 

 others to do so, with the result that the 

 particular traits of the latter are given 

 pronounced expression. 



SELECTIVE LOGGING OR CUTTING The 

 removal of selected mature, large, or dis- 

 eased trees as single, scattered trees or in 

 small groups of trees. Young trees start in 

 the openings thus made; the result of this 

 type of cutting is an uneven-aged forest. 



SHAKE (1) A wood shingle made by 

 splitting flat strips from a bolt. (2) A 

 crack or fissure in the stem of a tree, 

 usually caused by frost or excessive bend- 

 ing in a strong wind. Shake usually follows 

 the annual rings, while checks are radial, 

 that is, extend across the annual rings. 



SHELTER WOOD A system of cutting in 

 which the trees are removed in two or more 

 cuts, the young trees coming in under the 

 shelter of the remaining large trees. 



SLASH Branches, bark, top, chunks, cull 

 logs, uprooted stumps, and broken or up- 

 rooted trees left in the ground after log- 

 ging of timber is completed; also, large 

 accumulation of debris after wind or fire. 



SNAGS A stump or base of a branch that 

 has been lopped off; also, a rough branch 

 broken off. A tree from which the top has 

 been broken; a rampike, especially one tall 

 enough to be an extra fire hazard. 



SOILING (of crops) The action of spread- 

 ing or filling with soil, dirt, or manure. 



SPECIES A group of individuals (plants 

 or animals) with so many common charac- 



