METAMOKPHOSES OF BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS 9 



it drops to the ground ; and what is left attached to the 

 wall is a curiously angulated creature, having no 

 resemblance whatever to the larva which crept up the 

 wall. This creature is the chrysalis or pupa devoid of 

 eyes, mouth, legs, and capable of no motion whatever 

 except a slight wriggling of the hinder segments. 



Fig. 7. 1, Pupa of Fieri* brassicce ; 2, ditto, Papilla machaon ; 3, ditt 

 Vanessa urticcB ; 4, ditto, Sphinx ligugtri ; 5, ditto, Sphecia apiformi 

 6, ditto, Saturnia pavonia-minor (male). 



If this change has taken place in the month of Sep- 

 tember, the chrysalis remains unchanged till the follow- 

 ing spring ; but some time in the last fortnight in April, 

 if the weather be warm, the final change takes place, 

 and the skin of the upper portion of the chrysalis cracks, 

 and the butterfly crawls out and takes up a fixed posi- 



