ON THE HABITS OF BUTTEEFLIES AND MOTHS 31 



Some species are only found on chalk or limestone 

 soils, the larvae feeding only on flowers that grow in 

 such localities, others prefer sand. The very best places 

 for collecting in the south of England are on the edges 

 of the greensand and chalk formations, where you have 

 the advantage of all the species attached to both soils. 



The handsome Swallow-tail Butterfly is only now to 

 be obtained in the still undrained fens of Cambridge- 

 shire and Norfolk. The Clouded Yellow Butterflies 

 frequent lucerne and clover fields in the south of Eng- 

 land. In some seasons they are tolerably common, but 

 in ordinary seasons they occur but seldom. The 

 Marbled White Butterfly (Arge Galathen] is extremely 

 local, but generally very plentiful wherever it does 

 occur. The bold flying Hipparchia Semele frequents 

 stony places on heaths, and at the borders of woods. 



Amongst our British butterflies we have but two 

 mountain species, Erebia Elandina and Cassiope. The 

 former occurs in many parts of the north of England 

 and Scotland, not at great elevations ; Cansiope, on the 

 other hand, occurs further up the mountains, and some- 

 times in great profusion. Csenonympha Dauus, though 

 often found on boggy mountain-tops, occurs also on low 

 mosses and moors, but has not hitherto been found with 

 us south of Derbyshire. 



One of the most graceful of our butterflies is the 

 White Admiral (Limenitis Sibilla). It occurs only in 

 a few woods in the south of England. The Purple 

 Emperor (Apatura Iris) is more generally distributed, 

 though also confined to woods in the south of England ; 

 it delights to fly over the summits of lofty oaks. It is 

 extremely pugnacious, and if another approaches the 

 spray on which one of these sylvan monarchs is seated, 



