THE SALMON 207 



partridges and pheasants, the animals show no inferiority to 

 wild ones in their powers of self-protection. 



Balancing the pros and cons upon this important question, 

 the conclusion to which most men have come after giving full 

 consideration to the problem is that a hatchery, conducted on 

 such an adequate scale as will ensure the annual dismissal of a 

 large number of smolts to the sea, must be of direct advantage 

 to the fishery, provided the ova can be secured without 

 disturbing the fish on the natural spawning beds. But any- 

 body who has witnessed the vast numbers of smolts, born and 

 reared without the aid of man, which descend our rivers every 

 spring, must be driven to the conclusion that, in order to have 

 any appreciable effect upon the stock of salmon, artificial 

 hatching must be conducted upon a very extensive scale. 

 German pisciculturists conduct their operations upon a calcu- 

 lation that, out of every thousand smolts which are liberated, 

 three may return to the river as adult salmon. Therefore in 

 order to increase the run of salmon by one hundred fish in 

 a season four or five years hence it is necessary that 300,000 

 smolts should be reared and set free. It is certain that this is 

 far beyond anything that can be undertaken by any existing 

 hatchery in the United Kingdom. It would tax the resources 

 of any one of them to liberate as many fry, which, as I have 

 endeavoured to show, is a fruitless proceeding. I am of 

 opinion, therefore, that the money at present spent in salmon- 

 hatcheries in this country would be better applied in providing 

 protection to spawning fish, and in constructing dams on 

 natural lakes for the purpose of flooding the rivers in time of 

 drought to enable fish to ascend to the upper waters. 



In connection with the artificial propagation of salmon, 

 reference may be made to the experiment at present in progress 

 Restoration ^ or restorm g salmon to the Thames, where at one 

 of Salmon to time they abounded. Two causes combined to 

 " 'effect the extirpation of this valuable fish in the 

 principal English river first, the erection of navigation weirs 



