30 



INSECTS. 



mandibles, which are very 

 Fig. 3. 



a Head of Tiger-beetle, (magnified) 



with jaws closed. 

 6 Ditto, with jaws open. 



large in this insect a for- 

 midable pair of pincers 

 when extended as in the 

 figure (b), and lying quite 

 across each other when 

 closed (a). These organs 

 are even larger and more 

 conspicuous in the male of 

 the Stag-beetle, whilst in 

 most other beetles they 

 are much smaller and less 

 powerful. 



The second pair of jaws, 

 or the maxillaB (fig. 4), are 

 more complicated and 

 delicate. The principal 

 parts of the maxilla are 

 a kind of blade (a), fringed with hairs, and an antenna-like 

 Fig. 4. Fig. 5. feeler or palpus (ft), 



called the maxil- 

 lary palpus. In 

 the Tiger-beetle and 

 some other preda- 

 ceous beetles there 

 is a second appen- 

 dage (c) resembling 

 a less developed pal- 

 pus. 



The upper lip is a 

 horny plate, without 

 appendages. The 

 lower lip, or " la- 

 rf I. Mm" (%. 8), is very 



