84 INSECTS. 



(fig. 8 1, 2). This is a development of the maxillae, 

 Fig. 8. other parts of the mouth, ex- 



cepting the lower lip, being 

 almost undeveloped. The 

 under lip is furnished with a 

 pair of large palpi, thickly 

 clothed with hair. 



Next in order come the 

 aphis, cicada, &c., and the 

 water-boatmen, bugs, &c. 

 Profile head of Moth. The proboscis O f these IS a 



fine but sometimes very hard tube, containing four hair- 

 like lancets. These lancets wound the surface of plant 

 or animal, the juices of which are then sucked up through 

 the tube. In this case the tube is formed by the labium, 

 the four lancets representing the maxillae and mandibles. 



In the flea the mouth is a sucking apparatus with a 

 pair of serrated lancets ; but the parts, though closing 

 upon each other when at rest, differ from those of the 

 two preceding orders in being free and independent of 

 each other. 



The "two -winged flies such as the housefly, the gnat, 

 and the Daddylonglegs, present some variety in the form 

 of mouth ; but in all a series of lancets and a sucking 

 tongue are the main features. This tongue is an ex- 

 ceedingly beautiful object when magnified, and is very 

 easily examined in the large bee-like 'Drone-fly,' de- 

 scribed in the following chapter. 



The appendages to the Thorax of insects are, as has 

 been said, the legs and wings. The wings having been 

 used as the basis of the classification of insects, will 

 form the subject of a separate chapter. 



The legs and wings are attached to the parts of the 



