INSECTS. 



pupa are active, and much resemble the perfect insect, 

 the larvae, however, being without wings, while the pupae 

 have their rudiments. After the last change of skin the 

 wings and wing-cases are fully developed, except in some 

 species, which in one or in both sexes remain wingless 

 even when arrived at maturity.* 



The maxillae are peculiar in form, having two lobes, 

 of which the upper acts as a kind of sheath to the 

 lower. 



The abdomen generally terminates in two bristle-like 

 appendages, short and jointed in the Cockroaches, very 

 long and bristle-like in some Crickets, shorter again in 

 the Locusts. 



The English Orthoptera form two groups, the first 

 consisting of the Cockroaches, and distinguished by 

 their cursorial, or running legs, which are long, strong, 

 and spinous, and well adapted to this action. The 

 second group consists of the Crickets, Grasshoppers, and 

 Locusts, and is marked by the saltatorial, or leaping legs, 

 which are so conspicuous in these insects. 



Among the Cockroaches, the common " Blackbeetle," 

 although only too abundant and familiar, is but a 

 naturalized foreigner, and is supposed to have been im- 

 ported in merchant vessels from the East. Indeed, 

 various other species of these insects are rinding their 

 way in the same manner from and into all parts of the 

 world, their omnivorous habits making it easy for them 

 to find subsistence under almost any circumstances. The 

 destruction which they occasion is very great, for even 

 that which escapes being devoured by them they spoil 



* This occurs in the female of the common Cockroach, which has very 

 short wing-cases, and no wings whatever. 



