260 INSECTS. 



Butterflies and Moths), carry the fore-wings erect and 

 the hind-wings horizontally when in repose. 



The spring and socket (mentioned p. 256) is generally 

 found in Moths and never in Butterflies. Again, the 

 hind-legs of Butterflies have two pairs of spurs on the 

 tibiae (excepting in the Hesperidse), while the Moths 

 have only one pair. 



The Butterflies are divided into five families 



1. Papilionidee. 



2. Nymphalidse. 



3. Erycinidse. 



4. Lycaenidse. 



5. Hesperidffi. 



1. Papilionidae. This family includes (with one ex- 

 ception)* all the white, yellow, and greenish- white or 

 yellow Butterflies, with and without black markings. 

 The only approach to bright colouring in English 

 species of this family is found in Colias Edusa (the 

 clouded yellow), which is rich black and yellow, and in 

 Anthocharis Cardamine (orange tip), of which the male 

 has a patch of bright orange on the fore-wings, wanting 

 in the female, and beautiful green markings on the 

 under-side of the hind-wings. The large swallowtail 

 cream-coloured, with black markings has also a brick - 

 red spot on the hind-wings, almost the only instance of 

 anything but black, white, yellow, and greenish when 

 occurring in English species of this family. 



The Brimstone or Sulphur Butterfly (PL X., fig. 1) is 

 one of the most beautiful of these. The form is singu- 

 larly elegant, from the varied curves in the outline of 

 the pointed wings. The colour is delicate and beautiful, 



* This is the Marbled White the first species in the next family. 



