284 INSECTS. 



The Caterpillars of Butterflies have alivays sixteen 

 legs ; those of Moths vary in number. 



The pupa3 of Butterflies may be known from those of 

 Moths by their more or less angular form, Moth pupse 

 by their rounded outline (see figs. 65, 66, p. 285 ; and 

 fig. 29, p. 57). 



Besides this, the pupae of Butterflies (except those of 

 the last family, Hesperidse), are always naked, and 

 fastened by silk lines to some supporting object; those 

 of Moths are sometimes naked, sometimes enclosed in 

 cocoons, but not suspended, naked, in the same manner 

 as the Butterfly pupas.* They are also frequently sub- 

 terraneous. 



The long, fat, soft, green Caterpillar of the Cabbage 

 Butterfly is (boiled) but too familiar an object, and will 

 serve as an example of the Iarva3 of the first family, 

 Papilionida3. 



In the second family, Nymphalidse, the Marbled- 

 white and the Brown Butterflies have slender Cater- 

 pillars, distinguished by a short forked tail ; that of the 

 Purple Emperor has horns rising from the heart-shaped 

 head, and the rest are spinous. 



In the third and fourth families, Erycinidse and 

 Lycsenidse, the Caterpillars are short, and formed some- 

 what like the Wood-Louse. 



In the fifth family, Hesperidae, the Caterpillars are 

 distinguished by the great size of the head and the small 

 size of the segments immediately succeeding it. 



The Chrysalids of Butterflies are supported in two 

 ways, they are either suspended by the tail (fig. 6A), 

 hanging perpendicularly, or are attached by the tail to 



* For an exception to this rule, see below, among the Geometrinse. 



