LEPIDOPTERA. LARV^I. 285 



some object, and then supported in an upright, inclined, 

 or horizontal position, by a silken band or girth passed 

 round the body (fig. 66). The Chrysalids of the 



Fig. 65. Fig. 66. 



Pupa of Vanessa urticce. 



Pupa of Papilio machaon. 



Nymphalidee are suspended in the former manner, those 

 of the other families in the latter, excepting the last 

 family, Hesperidse, which in this, as in many other par- 

 ticulars approximating to the Moths, lives during the 

 pupee stage in a slight cocoon, or net, as it might rather 

 be called. 



It is not possible in this small space to give rules for 

 distinguishing the Iarva3 and pupse of the different 

 groups of Moths, as in most cases each group contains 

 many families widely differing from each other in this 

 particular. In a few instances, however, the reader may 

 be enabled to decide the group or part of a group to 

 which certain Iarva3 or pupse belong. 



In the first group, Sphingina, all the Caterpillars have 

 the full number of legs (sixteen), and the greater part have 

 one stiff and horny tail. While from the appearance of 

 the larva of the Sphinx Moths is derived the name which 



