70 POPULAR FRUIT GROWING. 



they break off when loaded with fruit or by making them sickly. 

 The female lays her eggs in the stems early in the summer. In 

 a few days the eggs hatch into little white grubs, which work 

 into the pith of the stem, where they make their burrows and 

 live until the following season. They then finish their trans- 

 formation and appear as wasp-like moths and the females shortly 

 commence to lay eggs. This insect infests chiefly the red and 

 white currant, but it also attacks the black currant and often 

 the gooseberry. 



Remedies. The infested stems should be cut out in the au- 

 tumn or very early in the spring and burned at once. If the 

 growers in any vicinity will follow this method in united effort 

 they can keep this insect in subjection. 



Lice (Aphis ribis) are frequently very abundant on the foli- 

 age of currants and gooseberries, where they cause the leaves 

 to curl up and become distorted, thus checking their growth 

 but seldom causing serious injury. The life history of this in- 

 sect is about the same as for the apple leaf louse. 



Remedies. They may be destroyed by spraying the foliage 

 with tobacco water, soap suds water, or kerosene emulsion. 

 In fighting these insects, it is very important to commence as 

 soon as the first of them are seen as they often increase with 

 great rapidity. On account of the position of the leaves these 

 lice are very difficult to get at with a spray, and on their first 

 appearance the infested foliage should be destroyed. It is some- 

 times most practicable to apply tobacco water by dipping the 

 affected branches into the emulsion or into tobacco water. 

 Insects Injurious to the Raspberry and Blackberry. 



Raspberry Flat Headed Borer (Agrilus ruficolUs). The per- 

 fect form of this insect is a beetle which lays its eggs in the 

 growing canes sometime during the summer. Where the eggs 

 are laid, peculiar gall-like swellings may occur, having many 

 rough slits in them; but this is not always the case, for some- 

 times canes may be killed by the insect and no swellings at all 

 appear on the canes. The eggs hatch into little yellowish- 

 white larvae, having flattened bodies, brown jaws and tails furn- 

 ished with two dark brown horns. One swelling may contain 

 many larvae. When full grown the larva is from one-half to 



