156 POPULAR FRUIT GROWING. 



grow two branches or stems together. It is much used in propa 

 gating such ornamental trees as cut-leaved and purple birches. 

 It may be done at any time during the growing season and on 

 any flexible growth of whatever age. It is formed by shaving 

 out a piece of bark and wood from the stock and from the cion, 

 of the same size and in such a way that the inner barks of each 

 may be tied together. If this is done even so late as the middle 

 of July they will grow firmly together before winter. It is cus- 

 tomary, when this method is to be used for propagation, to either 

 set a lot of small plants around the one from which the cions 

 are to come, or to grow them in pots and set pots and plants 

 near by. When the branches have united they are permitted to 

 grow until autumn, then the cions are cut off just below the 

 union and the plants with the cions on them are heeled in for 

 winter or protected in some other way. No wax is needed, as the 

 union is very sure if the parts are closely tied together. This is 

 a very safe and sure method and is easily performed, even by 

 the novice. 



QUESTIONS CHAPTER VIII. 



1. For what purposes are plants propagated from seed? 



2. What is meant by stratification? 



3. What kinds of seed are stratified? 



4. What are offsets and how are plants propagated from them? 



5. What are layers? Spring layers? Summer layers? Mound 

 layers? 



6. What plants are adapted to propagation by layers? 



7. When are layers made? 



8. How are cuttings made? 



9. What are soft wood cuttings? 



10. What are hard wood cuttings? 



11. What conditions are necessary for successful growing of 

 hard wood cuttings? 



12. When should they be made? 



13. What soil is best for planting cuttings? 



14. How should they be planted and when? 



15. What is the solar pit? 



16. How is it made and for what purpose? 



17. What does graftage include? 



18. What are the limits of graftage? 



19. What is meant by stock, cion? 



20. When is budding practicable? 



21. What is the best stock to be budded upon? 



22. What is the bud-stick? 



23. When is the best time for budding? 



24. What conditions are necessary for successful budding? 



25. What implements are necessary? 



26. What material is used for tying the buds? 



