PROPAGATION OF FRUIT PLANTS. 157 



27. How are the buds cut from the bud- stick? 



28. When is the bark in the best condition for budding? 



29. Describe the process of inserting the bud in the stock. 



30. What precautions must be taken in budding? 



31. What care is necessary in the spring and fall, after the buds 

 have started? 



32. How should the buds be protected from winter injury? 



33. When and where is June budding practiced? 



34. How do June-budded trees differ from other budded trees? 



35. How is June budding performed on peaches and plums in the 

 South? 



36. What is shield budding? Flute budding? 



37. What is the difference between grafting and budding? 



38. What precautions must be taken in budding? 



39. What is grafting wax used for? 



40. How is it made? 



41. What other materials can be used instead of grafting wax? 



42. How is cleft-grafting performed? 



43. What tools are necessary for cleft-grafting? 



44. How should the cion be cut for cleft-grafting? 



45. How does whip-grafting differ from cleft-grafting? 



46. How and when are root grafts made? 



47. How are they planted? On a large scale? On a small scale? 



48. What care should be taken when planting the grafts in a dry 

 season? 



49. What is side-grafting? 



50. What fruit plants is it best adapted to? 



51. What advantage is there in grafting below the ground? 



52. How should the work be done? 



53. For what purpose is the night cap used? 



54. How are apples grafted? 



55. How are they budded? 



56. What is the result of top- working varieties? 



57. What is meant by top-working? 



58. How is the plum most successfully grafted? 



59. How is the plum root-grafted? 



60. What forms of grafting are used on the cherry with best 

 results? 



61. How is the peach grafted? 



62. When is the grape grafted? 



63. What methods are used? 



64. How may the varieties in a vineyard be changed by grraft- 

 ing? 



65. What is "inarching" and when is it used? 



