282 POPULAR FRUIT GROWING. 



and add the ammonia; stir well and add the soap. This is a good 

 fungicide to use in place of Bordeaux mixture when the fruit is full 

 grown. 



Ammoniacal Copper Carbonate and Soap: 



Copper carbonate, 6 ounces. 



Ammonia, strong, 3 pints. 



Soap, 1 pound. 



Water, 50 gallons. 



Dilute the ammonia with water and use as much of it as is 

 necessary to dissolve the copper carbonate; add water to make 40 

 gallons. Dissolve the soap in 10 gallons of water and pour into the 

 copper carbonate solution. The dissolved copper carbonate loses 

 strength when left exposed to the air, but it may be kept all right in 

 stopped bottles or jugs. This is used when the fruit is nearly ripe 

 because it shows less than the Bordeaux mixture. 



Potassium Sulfide or Liver of Sulfur: 



Potassium sulfide, 3 ounces. 

 Water, 6 gallons. 



Dissolve the potassium sulfide in the water. Apply at once. 

 This mixture deteriorates rapidly and should not be prepared un- 

 til ready for application. This is an effective spray for mildew on 

 gooseberries. 



Lime-Sulfur Wash: 



Lime, 15 pounds. 



Sulfur, 15 pounds. 



Water, 50 gallons. 



Place the lime in a kettle and slake it with hot water so that 

 it forms an even white paste, then add water until it makes a thin 

 whitewash. Blend the sulfur with water into a thin paste and add 

 to the whitewash and mix thoroughly. Boil one hour, stirring frequent- 

 ly to keep from caking on the sides of the vessel, and adding water 

 from time to time to replace that which has boiled away. Dilute to 50 

 gallons and bring to the boiling point again. Strain it boiling hot 

 into the spray tank through wire screen and apply as hot as possible. 

 It should be boiled until it is a brick red color and until the sediment, 

 when it has settled, is brownish or yellowish green. Salt is recom- 

 mended to be added to the sulfur pound for pound, but it may be 

 omitted with no material disadvantage. Use good fresh stone lime 

 which slakes free from grit and dirt. Either flowers of sulfur or 

 light or heavy flour of sulfur may be used. The flowers of sulfur 

 goes into solution most readily. 



In orchard practice this wash is mostly used against insects which 

 are found on the trees when they are dormant. It has proved very 

 effective against the San Jose Scale, oyster shell scale, the scurfy 

 scale, the case bearers and other insects which pass the winter on the 

 trees. It was formerly customary to add salt to this wash in order to 

 make the wash more adhesive, but later experience seems to show that 

 is not effective. 



Copper Sulfate Solution: 



Copper sulfate at the rate of one pound to twenty-five gallons of 

 water is used for the prevention of grape rot, plum pocket and peach 

 leaf curl. Some experiments seem to show that good results will fol- 

 low from an application of this kind on apples, cherries, and some 

 other trees and plants. This solution should only be applied to dor- 

 mant plants, and it is probably best to apply it early in the spring, 

 at least two weeks before there is any sign of vegetation. If applied 

 after the plants have started, injury will result. Its object is to de- 

 stroy the spores of injurious diseases that may be on the plants. 



