[E. Step. 



FIG. 119. SCOTS PINE (Pinus aylveatris). 



In a pine wood the trunks grow very straight and tapering, due to the fact that a "canopy" of foliage is formed by 

 the upper branches which shuts out lisht from the lower branches and prevents their growth to any size. In the fore- 

 ground to the right of the photo will be seen a triplet. Three seedlings started so close together that as they have 

 increased in girth their lower trunks have been squeezed and amalgamated. K. EUROPE, ASIA. 



87 



