PRINCIPLES OF AMERICAN FORESTRY. 



LENGTH OF TIME THAT LEAVES OF CONIFERS REMAIN 

 ON TREES IN MINNESOTA. 



Flowers are parts of the plant especially modified for the 

 reproduction of the plant by seed. Both sexual organs 

 may be located together in the same flower, as those of the 

 Basswood, Mountain Ash, and Cherry; or in separate 

 flowers on the same plant, as those of the Birch, Oak, and 

 Black Walnut ; or they may be separate on entirely different 

 plants, as in the Willow, Poplar, Box-elder, and Ash. 



The Fruit, botam'cally defined, is the seed-containing 

 area, derived from a single flower. As used in nursery 

 practice the term is generally applied to seeds having a 

 fleshy covering or an adjoining fleshy part. 



The Seed, botanically defined, is the ripened ovule, but 

 as the term is used in nursery practice it often includes the 

 ovary and other parts that may be attached to it. What 



