xii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 



FIG. 



22. Some common winged seeds. (1) Black Ash; (2) White Ash; 



(3) Willow; (4) Soft Maple; (5) Basswood; (6) Box Elder; 

 (7) Red Elm; (8) White Elm; (9) White Birch; (10) Sugar 

 Maple; (11) Tamarack; (12) Pine; (13) Noble Fir; (14) 

 Hardy Catalpa. 



23. Evergreen seed-bed shaded with a screen of old brush placed 



on a frame. 



24. A bunch of Willow cuttings. 



25. Planted cuttings, showing angle and depth at which to plan 



cuttings. 



26. The solar pit, showing bundles of cuttings in place under 



glass. 



27. Showing method of mound layering. 



28. A bunch of Green Ash seedlings. 



29. Extra good roots on forest-grown Elm, used as a street tree. 



30. Moving large trees in winter (After P. S. Peterson & Co.) 



31. Successive steps in planting young evergreens and other very 



small seedlings. 



32. Heeling-in. Various stages of the operation. 



33. Showing the proper place to make the cut, in pruning. A 



wound made on the dotted line A-B will be promptly healed 

 One made on the line C-D or E-F will not. In Fig. 52 the 

 lower branch was cut off too far from the trunk. (After Goff.) 



34. Showing how to make the cut in pruning large branches. The 



upper cut, all made from above, permits the branch to split 

 down. The left cut, first made partly from below, prevents 

 splitting down. (After Goff.) 



35. Sections of trunk of tree showing wounds properly healed. 



(After Hartig). 



36. An overgrown wound where branch has been cut off, but decay 



started before wound had healed over and is liable to con- 

 tinue further. (After Hartig). 



37. Soft Maple not pruned since it was planted out. It has long 



branches that are liable to break down. 



38. Soft Maple once pruned, showing close head that is not liable 



to break down. 



39. Soft Maple several times pruned preserving a main central axis. 



A good form. 



40. Elm street-tree properly trimmed for planting. 



41. Elm tree that has been planted five years, and was pruned to 



a bare pole when set out. 



