254 PRINCIPLES OP AMERICAN FORESTRY. 



ground that value of stumpage which yields him the 

 highest interest in the safest manner. 



The lumberman cuts every merchantable tree, not 

 stopping to think whether it grows at an annual rate of 

 2 per cent, or 10 per cent. 



The forester cuts only such trees, but all such trees, 

 the rate of growth of which has fallen below the percentage 

 desired by him. 



LOGGING EXPENSES. 



It is obvious that the logging expenses in forestry, 

 <o begin with, are higher than in lumbering. The ex- 

 penses for trams, roads, trails, and dams are the same, 

 whether 6,000 feet of lumber or only 5,000 feet of lumber 

 are cut per acre. If the system of transportation costs, 

 on an average, 60 cents per acre, then in the case of for- 

 estry 5,000 feet, and in the case of lumbering 6,000 feet, 

 \\ill share, in the expense making it for the one 12 cents 

 and for the other 10 cents per 1,000 feet. 



There are other factors resulting in higher logging 

 expenses under forestry methods. Care must be taken 

 to prevent the remaining growth from being injured 

 when the majority of the timber is cut and removed. 

 The difficulty of supervising contractors and workmen 

 is increased. For railroad ties, road poles, corduroy 

 timber, etc., not the best and handiest saplings must be 

 used. Trees or poles of inferior quality must suffice the 

 task. 



There cannot be any doubt that the logging expenses 

 per 1,000 feet, board measure, during the first "campaign," 

 are higher in forestry than in lumbering. During the 

 second campaign, however, they will be lower than usual, 

 owing to the fact that the system of transportation needs 

 only reviving in order to be available for another run. 



