314 GLOSSARY. 



Pistillate. Bearing pistils, but no fertile stamens. Often used 

 synonymously with female. 



Placenta. Place of attachment of ovules in an ovary. 



Pollen. Small spores produced by the anthers for the fertilization 

 of the ovules. 



Pollination. The carrying of pollen from the anther to the stigma. 



Polygamous. Perfect and unisexual flowers borne on the same 

 plant. 



Pome. Fruit represented by the Apple, Thorn, Quince, etc. 



Propagation. The multiplication of plants. 



Pruning. The removing of branches from a plant to improve its 

 general appearance, or to check or encourage growth. 



Pubescent. Covered with fine, short hairs. 



Quarter-sawing. The sawing on the radius, but as it is not prac- 

 ticable to do this exactly, the log is first quartered and 

 then sawed into boards, cutting them alternately from each 

 face of the quarter of the log. Sawed in this way the grain 

 of the wood does not show nearly so conspicuously and 

 varied as in that tangentially sawed, but the grain is nar- 

 rower, and the wood sawed in this way does not warp nearly 

 so much as that tangentially sawed, and is much more ex- 

 pensive. 



Raceme. A simple inflorescence in which the flowers are on ped- 

 icels, and the lower open first (e g. Black Cherry). 



Ranging-poles. Straight poles about eight feet long used by sur- 

 veyors to indicate the direction of a line which is being 

 measured or the position of points to be located. 



Regular. Parts of each cycle of the perianth alike (e.g. Bird 

 Cherry). 



Root. A part of the plant which absorbs nourishment for the plant, 

 or serves as a support. It may be underground or aerial. 



Root-cutting. See Cutting. 



Rudimentary. Imperfectly developed or in an early state of de- 

 velopment. 



Samara. A winged fruit (e.g. Maple). 



Saprophyte. A plant which lives upon and obtains its food from 

 dead organic matter. 



Sapwood. The outer or latest formed wood of a Avoody plant. 



Sawing. The two methods used in sawing are termed tangential 

 sawing and quarter-sawing, q.v. 



Scion. The part inserted in the stock in the various processes of 

 graftage. 



