316 GLOSSARY. 



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Stock plants. Plants used to propagate from. 



Stomn (pi. stomata) Breathing pores of leaves. 



Stratification. A method of storing seeds with alternate layers ol 

 some other material, as sand or leaves. 



Strobilus or Strobile. A cone (e.g. Pine, Lycopodium). 



Stumpage. The standing timber. 



Style. The stalk, if present, that joins the stigma to the ovary. 



Sucker. A shoot from an underground root or stem; often ap- 

 plied to an adventitious shoot above ground. 



Sun-scald. An injury to trees by sun (page 145). 



Superior. Applied to ovary when attached on a level or above 

 the other parts of the flower (e.g. Ohio Buckeye). 



Surveyor-general. The officer whose duty it is to measure or to 

 direct the measurement of logs and lumber. 



Sylviculture. A synonym of the term forestry; the growing of 

 trees in groups. 



Tangential sawing. The common way of cutting logs by which 

 the boards on each side of the centre board are sawed by 

 a cut that is tangent to the annual rings. This method 

 serves to bring out the grain of wood most conspicuously. 



Tap-root. A central root running deep into the soil. 



Tensile strength. The force which resists breaking or drawing 

 asunder. 



Tent-caterpillars. Caterpillars that build silky-like tents on trees 

 and other plants. 



Thorn. A hardened, sharp-pointed branch. 



Tomentose. Clothed with matted woolly hair. 



Top-worked. Said of trees that are grafted or budded at some 

 distance above the ground. 



Transit. A surveyor's instrument for measuring angles, etc. 



Transpiration. The process by which water is taken up by the 

 roots of plants and given off to the air through the leaves 

 and branches. 



Tree. A perennial w r oody plant with a single stem which from 

 natural tendencies generally divides into two or more 

 branches at some distance from the ground. 



Tree-crown. That part of a tree that is branched, forming a head. 



Tree-digger. Ordinarily a plough-like implement having a sharp 

 knife-like blade that is drawn through the soil by a team 

 and cuts the roots off the trees at a distance from the base 

 of the tree-trunk. Where large quantities of trees are to 

 be dug this is a most important implement. There are 



