SUGAR FACTORY FEEDS AND OIL MEALS 195 



to equal a feed unit (p. 79). Dried beet pulp is often moistened 

 with three to five times its weight of water about six hours before 

 feeding time, especially on dairy farms where there is no silo. Some' 

 dairymen and farmers prefer feeding the pulp in this way. In 

 case of heavy producing cows or steers, it is possible that they are 

 induced to eat their feed with a keener appetite and to eat more 

 when the dried pulp is fed moistened than when fed dry, but no 

 decided advantage has been shown by this method of feeding. 



Beet molasses is sometimes added to the pulp in the factory 

 as it goes to the drier; the resulting molasses beet pulp makes an 

 excellent feed for dairy cows and sheep, being worth somewhat 

 more than the plain dried pulp. 7 It was found to have about one- 

 tenth higher feeding value of corn for fattening lambs in experi- 

 ments conducted at the Colorado station ; this is probably somewhat 

 too high for an average figure. 



II. OIL MEALS 



The oil-bearing seeds that furnish by-products of value as stock 

 feeds are : Flaxseed, cotton seed, coconut, soybean, and peanut, the 

 last three to a limited extent only. 



Linseed Meal (Oil Meal). Flaxseed (Fig. 37) is grown largely 

 in the northwestern States, the Dakotas, and Minnesota, and the 

 linseed oil mills are located in these and the central States. There 

 are two methods of manufacture, known as (a) old-process and (b) 

 new-process. By the former method the cleaned and ground seeds 

 are placed in large linen bags and subjected to heavy pressure until 

 the residue forms cakes about 1 inch thick and about 13 by 32 

 inches (edges trimmed). The cakes are broken into small pieces 

 or ground to a fine meal, usually the latter, which is generally sold 

 as old-process linseed meal, or simply oil meal. 



In the new process of manufacture the flaxseed is ground and 

 heated to about 160 F., and is then placed in large percolators 

 holding about 1000 bushels or more. The seed is treated repeatedly 

 with naphtha till practically all the oil is dissolved. Live steam 

 is then introduced into the percolators and the naphtha gradually 

 driven out of the mass. The meal is transferred to steam-heated 

 driers, and, when dried, elevated to the meal bins and sacked. The 

 naphtha is evaporated from the oil solution, and commercial lin- 

 seed oil remains. 



7 Wisconsin Report 22, p. 108; see also Massachusetts Bulletin 99, 

 Michigan Bulletin 220. 



