220 PRODUCTIVE FEEDING OF FARM ANIMALS 



Remedies for Calf Scours. 1. A teaspoonful of sterilized dried blood 

 (so-called blood flour), thoroughly mixed with the milk at each meal, will 

 generally remedy the trouble when it is promptly attended to. The blood 

 meal also serves as an excellent tonic for weak calves. 



2. In aggravated cases of calf scours the milk is withheld and an egg 

 in a tablespoonful of blackberry brandy is given three times a day till im- 

 provement is noted. 



3. The formaldehyde treatment is another remedy that will produce good 

 results in most cases after a few days. 4 A teaspoonful of formaldehyde 

 solution ( 1 : 4000 ) is added per pint of milk, preferably fed immediately 

 after the skim milk is received from the separator. The formaldehyde solu- 

 tion is prepared by adding one-half ounce of formaldehyde to one pint of 

 water. 



Rules for Feeding Young Calves. The following rules 

 adapted from 'Missouri Circular 47 epitomize the main points in 

 feeding young calves: 



1. Do not overfeed. 



2. Feed sweet, preferably fresh, milk. 



3. Feed warm milk (85-90 F.). 



4. Feed each animal individually. 



5. Feed regularly. 



6. Keep pens and calf quarters thoroughly clean. 



" Where skim-milk calves do poorly, the blame usually rests 

 with the feeder. The cause of the trouble will ordinarily be found 

 in some one or more of the following conditions : Lack of sunlight 

 and fresh air; unsanitary stalls or boxes that are not properly 

 cleaned and disinfected; feeding too much milk, or at irregular 

 intervals ; feeding stale or chilled milk ; feeding from pails that have 

 not been scalded daily; feeding improper concentrates, or allow- 

 ing the excess to ferment and become stale in the feed box " 

 (Henry). 



Supplemental Feeds with Skim Milk. In order to compen- 

 sate for the butter fat removed in the skim milk, many different 

 methods have been recommended, and are followed with success by 

 different farmers. Peanut oil, cod-liver oil, corn oil, or oleo- 

 margarine heated to 110 F. and mixed thoroughly with the skim 

 milk, is used to a limited extent, these fats being added in the pro- 

 portion of one-half to one ounce per quart of milk. The most 

 common and efficient supplemental feed for skim-milk-fed young 

 calves is, doubtless, flaxseed. This may be added either direct, a 

 tablespoonful of ground flaxseed per quart of milk, or the meal is 

 boiled into a jelly with six parts of water, which is mixed with the 

 skim milk in small amounts, the equivalent of two tablespoonfuls 

 of the dry meal to a feed. 



The amount of skim milk required for one pound of gain in 



4 S. C. Circular 122; Farmers' Bulletin 273. 



