20 Seed Wheat. 



weight of grain, very nearly the same. If there were no milling difficulty in extracting 

 the flour, the weights derived by theoretically perfect milling ought to be about the same. 



Fig. 23. Natural size photograph of seven Fig. 24. Natural size photograph of the ten 



large plump Defiance wheat-grains, used small plump Defiance wheat-grains, used 



in the biological analysis described in in the biological analysis described in 



the text. These were compared in the text. These were compared in 



"fodder value" with the ten small "fodder value" with the seven large 



grains removed from the same spikelets, grains removed from the same spikelets, 



and shown in Fig. 24. and shown in Fig. 23. 



It seemed to me probable that the areas of the bran would present differences in the 

 two cases, and accordingly the areas were measured, with the following results : 

 Area of the bran of seven large grains used in the foregoing 



examination, and weighing '261 gram. ... ... ... 465'1 sq. mm. 



Area of the bran of ten small "grains, used in the foregoing 



examination, and weighing '205 gram. ... ... ... 415 '6 sq. mm. 



The figures ISO'S and 228' represent, approximately at least, the relative flour content 

 of the two samples. 



If the bran areas on large and small grains are proportional to the flour content, then 

 we ought to have 



180-5 : 228 - 415'6 : 465'1, 



but this proportion is not true, the last term requiring to be 523 '6 to preserve the 

 equality, an increase of 12*6 per cent. 



From this it will be seen that the area of the bran is greater in proportion on the 

 small grains. As a small amount of flour is left attached to the bran after milling, it 

 may be surmised that the additional area of bran in the case of small grains is a 

 disadvantage, as carrying away with it to be sold as bran an additional amount of flour, 

 all the more as the bran of the small grains, being a little thinner, will, other things 

 being equal, be less perfectly freed of its flour. 



An experiment on similar lines was carried out with a Purple Straw Wheat. Eight 

 small grains, weighing '318 gram., were compared with seven large grains, weighing 

 '447 gram. 



RELATIVE value of large and small grains of a Purple Straw Wheat. 



Large grains. Small grains. 



Bran and embryo (dry) ... ... ... 13 '2 per cent. 12 '3 per cent. 



Gluten(dry) " ... 8'28 7'9 



Starch (dry) Lost. 67'6 ,, 



In a general way this evidence is corroborative of that derived from the Defiance 

 wheat. The two samples were obtained in the same way, except that the number of 

 grains in the latter two charges is more equal in number. Not much value is attached 

 to the determinations of starch in this case. 



As in the Defiance wheat, so again here, it was found on measuring the areas of the 

 grains that the large grains have less area of bran in proportion to the amount of their 

 contents than do the small grains. To keep the proportion the bran area of the large 

 grains would have to be increased 10 '9 per cent. As before the bran of the smaller grains 

 was the thinner. 



It is perhaps needless to again call attention to the fact that the grains used for this 

 examination were derived from single ears of wheat, and that therefore the comparison 

 has been made between the large and small grains produced by one and the same 

 plant. Whether the result of comparing the large grains and the small grains taken at 

 random would give the same result is another matter, though it seems to me probable 

 that large grains from one plant, when compared with small grains from another of the 

 same variety, grown under similar conditions, would give results corresponding with 

 those presented above. 



As the bulk of our wheat is of varieties that produce large and small grains in the 

 same ear, it would seem that the results here given may be applied with safety in 

 discussing questions relating to our wheat crops and their conversion into food products. 



