TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER V. RETAINING WALLS. 



I nt reduction 225 



C.ilculation of the Pressure on Retaining 



Walls 225 



R.inkine's Theory 226 



Rankine's Formulas 226 



Coulomb's Theory 227 



Algebraic Method 227 



Graphic Method 229 



Cain's Formulas 230 



Wall with Loaded Filling 230 



Stability of Retaining Walls 231 



Overturning 231 



Sliding 231 



Crushing 231 



General Principles of Design 232 



Design of Retaining Walls 234 



Design of Masonry Retaining Wall 



Data 



Coefficients of Friction 



Angles of Rcpoae 



Allowable Pressures on Foundation* 



Allowable Pressures on Masonry. . 



Weight and Strength of Masonr 



Weights of Materials 



Examples of Retaining Walls. 

 Concrete Retaining Walls 



Methods of Constructing Forms . . 



Ingredients in (On. r 



Mixing and Placing Concrete. . . 

 Specifications for Concrete Retaining 



Walls 



References. . 



234 



236 

 ,j 6 



236 

 236 



237 

 237 

 237 



237 

 237 

 240 



24 , 



CHAPTER VI. BRIDGE ABUTMENTS AND PIERS. 



Introduction 245 



Types of Abutments 245 



Stability of Bridge Abutments without 



Wings 245 



Design of Concrete Abutments 245 



Principles of Design 248 



Empirical Design 248 



Design of Bridge Piers 248 



Allowable Pressures on Foundations 249 



Waterway for Bridges 250 



Dun's Drainage Table 250 



Preparing the Foundations 250 



Rock 250 



Hard Ground 250 



Soft Ground 253 



Examples of Railway and Highway Bridge 



Abutments 254 



N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R. Standard Abut- 

 ments 254 



CHAPTER VII. TIMBER 



Definitions 277 



Structural Timber 277 



Definitions.' 277 



Standard Defects 278 



Piles and Pile Driving 279 



Specifications for Timber Piles 281 



Guard Rails and Guard Timbers 281 



Timber Trestles 281 



Pile Trestles 281 



N. Y., N. H. & H. R. R. Pile Trestle. ... 282 



Illinois Central R. R. Standard Abut- 

 ments 254 



Cooper's Standard Abutments 254 



Examples of Railway and Highway Bridge 



Piers 255 



N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R. Standard Piers. . 255 

 Illinois Central R. R. Standard Pier*. . . . 255 



Cooper's Standard Piers 255 



Steel Tubular Piers 255 



Specifications for Steel Tubular Piers. . 257 

 Cylinder Piers for Highway Bridge. . . . 260 

 Cylinder PUTS for Railway Bridge*. . . . 262 

 Masonry and Concrete Definitions and 



Specifications. . . . 266 



Definitions 266 



Specifications for Stone Masonry 269 



Specifications for Plain and Reinforced 



Concrete and Sterl Reinforcement. . . 272 

 References . 276 



BRIDGES AND TRESTLES. 

 N. Y , N. H. & H. R. R- Frame Trestle. . 283 



Illinois Central R. R. Frame Trestle 284 



Illinois Central R. R. Pile Ballasted 

 Trestle. . - 4 



Frame Trestles 



Timber Howe Trusses. . - *88 



Highway Bridges and Trestles . 292 



Specifications for Pile and Frame Trades 292 

 References *9* 



