SPECIFICATIONS. 105 



parallel to the plane of eccentric stress. Columns shall have a minimum length equal to two 



storii >: and splices on adjacent columns shall preferably be made at different stories unless the 



building i> -\ mmrtrir.il about a middle line of columns, in which case for ease in construction 



similarly situated columns may be made alike. Columns shall be designed so as to provide for 



ive connections for floorbeams, girders and brackets. The splices shall be strong enough 



lit the bending stresses and make the columns practically continuous for their entire length. 



Tin- split os of columns shall be riveted. 



1 8. Roof Trusses. Roof trusses shall be of steel and may have either pin or riveted con- 

 nections, and shall be of such design that the stress in each member may be calculated. Roof 

 trusses shall be braced in pairs and each pair of trusses shall be rigidly connected by lateral and 

 transverse bracing. Purlins shall be made of shapes, or riveted plate or lattice girders. Trussed 

 purlins will not be allowed. Main members of trusses shall be designed so that the neutral axes 

 of intersecting members skall meet in a common point, or if this is not possible the eccentric 

 M rt-sses shall be calculated and provided for. 



19. Floorbeams. Floorbeams shall generally be rolled steel beams and shall be riveted to the 

 floor girders by means of connection angles. Floor girders may be rolled beams or plate girders 

 and shall be riveted to columns by means of connection angles. Shelf angles may be provided 

 for convenience during erection. 



The flange plate's of all girders shall be limited in width so as not to extend beyond the outer 

 line of rivets connecting them to the angles, more than 4 inches, or more than 8 times the thickness 

 of the thinnest plate. For fireproof floors, floorbeams shall generally be tied together with tie 

 rods at intervals not to exceed 8 times the depth of the beams. Tie rods are not required with 

 reinforced concrete floors where the reinforcement is rigidly fastened to all outside beams and 

 girders. Holes for tie rods, where the construction of the floor permits, shall be spaced 3 inches 

 above the bottom of the beam. 



Where more than one rolled beam is used to form a girder, they shall be connected by cast 

 n or steel separators and bolts spaced at intervals of not more than 5 feet. All beams having a 

 ith of 12 inches and more shall have at least 2 bolts to each separator. 



20. Wall Plates. Bearing stones of granite, crystalline sandstone, or metal plates shall be 

 d to reduce or distribute the pressure on the wall under the ends of wall beams, girders and 

 sses. 



21. Wall Anchors. The wall ends of beams, girders, and columns shall be anchored securely 

 give rigidity to the structure. 



22. Minimum Thickness of Metal. No plate or rolled section, having a thickness of less 

 n } in. shall be used except for fillers. 



23. Bracing. Lateral, longitudinal and transverse bracing shall preferably be composed of 

 id members. 



24. Material. All parts of the structure shall be of rolled steel except column bases, bearing 

 tes, separators or minor details which may be of cast iron or cast steel. The steel shall be 



made by the open-hearth process. All rolled steel, cast steel and cast iron shall comply with the 

 "Specifications for Structural Steel for Buildings" adopted by the American Society for Testing 

 Materials and printed in Chapter XV. 



25. Stresses. All parts of the structural framework shall be designed for the same unit 

 stresses as for steel frame buildings given in sections 32 to 46 inclusive of "Specifications for 

 Steel Frame Buildings" in Chapter I. 



26. Details of Construction. The details of construction shall comply with the specifications 

 for steel frame buildings given in sections 78 to 117 inclusive of "Specifications for Steel Frame 

 Buildings," in Chapter I. 



27. Workmanship. The workmanship shall be equal to the best practice in modern bridge 

 works and shall comply with sections 143 to 186 inclusive of "Specifications for Steel Frame 

 Buildings" in Chapter I. 



28. Inspection and Testing at Mill and Shop. The specifications are the same as given in 

 sections 187 to 193 inclusive in "Specifications for Steel Frame Buildings" in Chapter I. 



ERECTION. 



29. Tools. The contractor shall furnish at his expense all necessary tools, derricks, hoists, 

 staging and material of every description required for the erection of the work, and shall remove 

 same when the work is completed. 



30. Risks. The contractor shall assume all risks from storms or accidents, unless caused by 

 the negligence of the owner, and all damage to adjoining property and to persons until the work 

 is completed and accepted. 



31. The contractor shall comply with all ordinances or regulations appertaining to the work. 



32. Details of Erection. The structural steel and iron work shall be erected as rapidly as 

 the progress of the other work on the building will permit. Bases, bearing plates and ends of 



