RAILWAY HKIlx.l. I'IKRS. 



and are proportional for interim -i li.it r spans. These abutments may be made of either 

 fir>t -class stone masonry, or first-class Portland cement concrete. 



For double track electric railway bridges add one foot to the value of a in Fig. 7. The mini- 

 mum thickness of the wall at any point is to be 0.4 of the height. The length of the wing walla 

 will be determined l>y local conditions. 



FIG. 6. QUANTITIES IN MASONRY ABUTMENTS, ILLINOIS CENTRAL RAILROAD. 



The abutment without wing walls in (ft), Fig. 7, has the same dimensions as the abutment 

 with wing walls. The width for single track electric railways may be taken as 14 ft., double 

 track 26 ft. The approximate cubical quantities in abutments without wing walls are given in 



Fig. 7- 



RAILWAY BRIDGE PIERS. Standard piers for railway bridges as designed by the 

 N- Y. C. & H. R. R. R. are shown in Fig. 8. Dimensions and data for different spans and heights 

 of piers are given on the plans. The quantities of masonry in the standard plans shown in Fig. 8 

 are given in Fig. 9, for deck spans and for through spans. 



Quantities of masonry in piers for deck plate girder spans are given in Fig. 10 and for through 

 girder and truss spans in Fig. II. These piers were designed and the estimates were prepared by 

 the bridge department of the Illinois Central Railroad. 



Illinois Central Railroad Pier. Details of a concrete pier designed and built by the Illinois 

 Central Railroad are shown in Fig. 12. The pier rests on timber piles spaced as shown. The 

 "starkwater" is reinforced with an 8 in. I beam. 



Cooper's Standard Masonry Piers. The masonry pier in Fig. 13 is from Cooper's "General 

 Specifications for Substructures of Highway and Electric Railway Bridges." The length, /, and 

 the thickness, a, for highway and single track electric railway bridges are given in Fig. 13. These 

 piers may be made of either first-class stone masonry, or first-class Portland cement concrete. 



For double track electric railway bridges add one foot to /, and 6 inches to a. The width, 

 w = center to center of trusses, and may ordinarily be taken 14 ft. for single track, and 26 ft. 

 for double track through bridges. Where drift and logs are liable to injure the pier the nose 

 of the cut-water should be protected with a steel angle or plate. The approximate cubical con- 

 tents of the piers are given in Fig. 13. 



STEEL TUBULAR PIERS. Steel tubular piers are made of steel plates riveted together 

 and filled with concrete. Where the piers are founded on soft material, piles are driven in the 



