and birch, Alnus viridis and Betula papyri/era cordifolia, fringe 

 the ponds, coming in many localities to the waters edge. Behind 

 veiling zone of amphibious forms borders the water's edge. 

 Again a heath formation may fringe the shores. Some of the 

 ponds, located several miles from the mountain, are bordered by 

 a bog-like zone in which Cassandra calyculata, Kalmia angusti- 

 folia, Ledum latifolium, Myrica Gale, Sphagnum in profusion, 

 Drosera rotundifolia, Sarracenia purpurea, and Pellia epiphylla 

 abound. The presence of this sphagnum bog flora, characteris- 

 tic with the exception of Pellia, under such excellent conditions 

 of drainage, would seem to have its explanation in a temperature 

 factor, as suggested by Kihlman 1 and not by the accumula- 

 tion of humus acids as Schimper claims. 2 Similar short 

 features obtain at Davis and the two small ponds of the North- 

 west basin. 



1. Kihlman, A. O. Pflanzen biologische studien aus Russich-Lappland, acta. 

 soc. pro Fauna et Flora Fennica 6: 1890 abstract Flora 75. 



2. Schimper, A. F. W. Pflanzen geographie auf Physiologische Grundlage. 

 Jena 1898. 



Lake Cowles shows perhaps the highest development of an 

 aquatic flora, yet it is much limited as to species and individuals. 

 In the shallow water of the rocky shores grow Isoetes hetero- 

 spora, its highest and most northern station, Isoetes echinospora 

 Braunii, Potamogeton confervoides, Lobelia Dortmanni, Zizania 

 sp., Nuphar -odorata minor, and Nymphcea Kalmianum. These 

 forms are never in enough abundance to be a potent factor in 

 the life history of the pond. 



Chimney pond, on the other hand, has, as far as the writer 

 was able to observe, no acquatics yet it is bordered by an interest- 

 ing zone of amphibious forms. Among these may be noted Pellia 

 epiphylla which covers all available space at the water's edge, 

 Scirpus coespitosus, Carex saxatilis, and Carex scabrata. Sphag- 

 num is present, but occupies a zone farther from the water's 

 edge. In this fringing meadow-like zone also occurs Vaccinium 

 oxycoccus, Kalmia glauca, Aster radula } A. acuminatus and sev- 

 eral species of violets. Intermediate between this zone and the 

 mesophytic forest occurs a belt of Spir&a salicifolia latifolia and 

 Alnus viridis. The life history of these ponds is doomed to be 



42 



